Learning about Language板书设计及意图

M3 Unit 3

Back to the past

I.

考试内容

（I）

重点词汇

1.辉煌;光荣

：

2.纪念碑：

3.港口：

4.共和国：

5.仪式，典礼：

6.材料，物质：

7.废料；毁坏：

8.商业的；贸易的：

9.（火山等）爆发：

10.不幸的：

11.文明：

12.涌流，倾泻：

13.灾难：

14.富有（裕）的：

15.渐渐地：

16.文化的：

17.极度的；极端的：

18.表达；表情：

19.提前；预先：

20.兴建；创建：

21.装饰（潢）：

22.毁坏；摧毁：

23.爆炸：

24.观众，听众：

25.宣布，宣称：

26.影响：

27.意识到的，察觉到的：

28.公民，市民：

29.文化，记录：

30.在附近的：

（II）重点短语

1.集中于：

2.被活埋：

3.夺取；接管：

4.保护……免于……

5.确保：

6.作为……而出名：

7.许多：

8.处于良好的状态：

9.注意：

10.实施；执行：

11.对……宣战：

12.提前：

13.为……纪念：

14.对……有影响：

15.使……发疯：

16.全世界：

17.位于：

18：作为……回报：

(III) 重点句型

根据汉语补句子：

1.

我感到幸运，能够赢得这次旅行的一个名额。

I ___________________

a place on this trip. 2.

在城市附近有一座火山。

_______________________ a vocalno. 3.

很多人被活埋了，整个城市也被掩埋。

Many people were buried alive, and __________________ the city. 4.

这证明了在火山灰掩埋了那些没能逃离城市的人之后，这些人的尸体几乎完全分解并消失了，于是在火山灰中留下了空间。

_________________________ after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared, leaving empty spaces in the ash.

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5.

真的很难想象这样一座平静的火山如何毁灭了整座城市！

________________ hard _______________ how this peaceful volcano destroyed the whole city.

II.

考点梳理

（I）

宾语补足语

英语中有些及物动词带宾语后意义仍不完整，还需要再加上一些词或词组来说明宾语所做的动作或所处的状态，这部分补充的词或词组就叫做宾语补足语。

1.名词作宾语补足语

如：

We call the place the Golden Triangle. 2.形容词作宾语补足语

如：

Can you get everything ready for the party ? 3.副词作宾语补足语

如：

Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister. 4.介词短语作宾语补足语

如：

I find him in the hospital. 5.非谓语动词作宾语补足语

如：

We expect them to win. 注意：常接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：

ask/advise/allow/permit/forbid/force/expect/want/wish/cause/warn/tell/ order/ like/remind/,etc.如：

Before the earthquake they felt the house shake. 注意：省to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：

make/have/let/hear/listen to/notice/watch/look at/observe/,etc.如：

（1）

I’m sorry to keep you waiting for long.(强调动作正在进行) （2）She found her wallet gone.（表示动作已经完成）

（3）

Please have the luggage weighed.(表示被动)

练习

用所给单词的正确形式填空：

1.You will see this product ___________ (advertise) wherever you go. 2.The teacher encouraged us _________ (write) good compositions. 3.With trees, flowers and grass _______ (plant) everywhere, my native town has taken on a new look. 4.She was glad to see her child well ________ (take) care of. 5.We are pleased to see the problem _________ (settle) so quickly.

(II)主谓一致

主谓一致，即谓语动词必须与主语在人称和数上保持一致。

1.当主语是单数名词、不可数名词、表示度量的词组（如时间、距离、重量、价格等）、标题、或从句时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

(1) Three years is not a long time. (2) The Arabian Nights is an interesting book.

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(3) Training astronauts is not an easy task. (4) That Sam has told lies is clear. 2.当主语是复数名词或是由and 连接的两个或两个以上的名词，且指不同的人、事物或概念，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

(1) The children are playing outside. (2) Lily and Daisy are good friends. 3.当all of/most of/some of/half of/a part of、分数或百分数修饰的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式要与所修饰的名词或代词保持一致。如：

(1) Some of your ideas are worth considering. (2)

Most of the town was destroyed. 4.某些集合名词即可跟单数谓语，也可跟复数谓语。当视其为整体时，谓语动词用单数形式；当着重于所包含的成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

( 1) My family was very poor then. (2)

My family are fond of music. 5.当or/either…or…/neithet…nor…/not…but…/not only…but also…等连接句子主语时，根据就近原则，即谓语动词的单、复数形式要与其邻近的主语保持一致。如：

(1)

Either you or I am going to the movies. (2)

Not only Scott but also you are wrong. 6.如果主语后跟with/together with/along with/as well as/rather than/but/except 等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式要与短语前的主语保持一致。如：

(1)

Tom, as well as his friends, was invited to the party. (2)

Every CD except these two has been sold. 注意：1. 当and 连接的并列主语是指同一人、同一事物或感念时谓语动词要用形式。比较：

(1) The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.

(2) The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow. 2.

the number of +复数名词，表示“。。。。。。的数量”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；

而a number of +复数名词表示“许多”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

（1）

The number of the students is increasing year after year. （2）A number of the students are from the countryside.

单项填空: 1.

All the scientific evidence ___ that increasing use of chemicals in farming ___ damaging our health. A. show, are

B. shows, are

C. show, is

D. shows, is

2.Planning so far ahead ___ no sense--- so many things will have changed by next year.

A. made

B. is making

C. makes

D. has made

3. The basketball coach, as well as his team, ___ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.

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A. were

B. was

C. is

D. are

4. Listening to loud music at rock concerts ___ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.

A. is

B. are

C. has

D. have

III.

考试导向

（I）

典型例题分析

1.

In the basketball game, one of my classmates had his leg ___ .(13年湖南学考真题) A. broken

B. broke

C. to break

D. breaking 2. ---Excuse me. Could I use your umbrella for a while ?

---Of course you ___ . （12年湖南学考真题）

A. should

B. can

C. must

D. will 3. ---____ we go shopping together this weekend ?

--- Good idea ! （10年湖南学考真题）

A. Shall

B. Can

C. Must

D. Will

（II）重点关注

情态动词要掌握好不容易，但毕业水平考试中会考到。我们要重视它。

IV.

强化训练

（I）

单项填空

1.

---Excuse me, Mr. Brown. ___ you speak Chinese ? ---Yes, but only a little. A. Shall

B. Must

C. May

D. Can

2. ---Are you coming to Jeff’s party ?

---I’m not sure. I ___ go to the concert instead.

A. must

B. would

C. should

D. might

3. ___ of the employees in the company ___ graduates.

A. Three fifths, is

B. Three fifth, are

C. Three fifths, are

D. Three fifth, is

4. The singer and dancer ___ come to our school.

A. have

B. has

C. were

D. was

5. Half of the workers here ___ under twenty ___ .

A. is, years old

B. are, year old

C. is, years old

D. are, years of age

(II)完形填空

A successful businessman was old and knew it was time to choose a successor(继任者) to take over his business.

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choosing one of his children, he decided to do something different. He called all the young executives(主管) in his company together and said, “I will give each one of you a(n)

2

today. I want you to plant the seed, water it, and

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come back here one year from today with what you have grown from the seed. I will then

3

your plants, and the one I choose will be the next CEO.”

Jim was there that day and he also received a seed. He went home

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, got a pot and some soil and planted the seed. Every day, he watered it and

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to see if it had grown, but nothing ever grew. Time flew, and it was time to bring back their plants to the boss. When Jim arrived, he was

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the variety of plants grown by the other executives. They were all

7 ---in all shapes and sizes. When the old CEO arrived, he

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the room and greeted his young executives. “My goodness! What great plants, trees, and flowers you have grown.” All of a sudden, the CEO noticed Jim at the back of the room with his

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pot. He asked him what had happened to his seed--- Jim told him his story. The CEO looked at Jim, and then

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to the young executives, “Now we have the next Chief Executive Officer--- his name is Jim!”

Nobody could believe it, including Jim himself. Then the CEO said, “One year ago the seeds I gave you were all boiled seeds; it was not possible for them to grow. Remember, everyone, if you plant honesty, you will reap(收获)” trust. 1. A. Because of

B. In addition to

C. Apart from

D. Instead of 2. A. order

B. plant

C. seed

D. appointment 3. A. collect

B .buy

C. sell

D. judge 4. A. excitedly

B. nervously

C. carefully

D. angrily 5. A. declared

.

B. remained

C. watched

D. intended 6.A. disappointed at.

B. amazed at

C. satisfied with

D. cautious about 7.A. green

B. beautiful

C. disappointing

D. dying 8.A. scanned

B. found

C. searched

D. inspected 9.A. broken

B. empty

C. big

D. expensive 10.A. explained

B. suggested

C. announced

D. introduced

III.情景作文

随着因特网的发展和计算机的普及，网上购物越来越普遍。某英文报社对“网上购物的利弊”这一话题进行征稿。请你以“Shopping on the Internet”为题，些一篇短文，给该英文报社投稿。

要求：1.词数：100左右；2.开头已给出，不计入总词数。

Shopping on the Internet With the development of the Internet and the wide use of computers, shopping on the Internet is becoming more and more popular. People can buy almost anything they want online.

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M4 Unit 1 Advertising

考纲导读

I.

考试内容

（I）

重点词汇

1. 广告活动：

2.航空公司：

3.毒品；药：

4.香烟，卷烟：

5.设计师：

6.肺：

7.癌症：

8.酒吧；棒：

9.欺骗；作弊：

10.傻瓜：

11.高兴，满意：

12.评论，议论：

13.恶作剧；把戏：

14.购买：

15.小费：

16.促进；推动：

17.有毒的：

18.便宜货；讨价还价：

19.引人注目的：

20.大众传播媒介：

21.说服；使信服：

22.有技巧的；熟练地：

23.治愈：

24.以。。。。。。为目标；瞄准；目的：

25.使受益；益处：

26.大为惊奇：

27.推荐；介绍：

28.设计：

29.确定：

30.做出反应；回应：

31.力劝；竭力主张：

32.使震惊：

（II）重点短语

1.上。。。。。。的当；受骗：

2.虽然；即使：

3.导致；结果是：

4.对。。。。。。满意：

5.过。。。。。。的生活：

6.习惯于做某事：

7.保护。。。。。。免受:

8.对。。。。。担心（牵挂）：

9.处理；对待：

10.目的是；旨在：

11.吸引；呼吁：

12.把。。。。。。表达清楚：

13.太快；过早：

14.欺骗；作弄：

15.意识到：

16.弄懂；计算出：

17.组织；汇集：

18.听从忠告：

（III）重点句型

根据汉语补全句子：

1. 这就是我们也正在考虑为我们的巧克力棒设计新包装的原因。

_______________ we are considering designing a new package for our chocolate bar as well.

2. 但并非所有的广告都跟我们玩花招。

_______________ ads play tricks on us though.

3.去年有四倍多的人使用我们的产品。

_______________ used our product last year.

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4.在设计公益广告宣传活动时，你可能需要为自己。。。。。。

______________ a public welfare campaign, you may want to ask yourself……

II.

考点梳理

直接引语和间接引语

直接引述别人的话叫直接引语。直接引语前后腰加引号以示引用。用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语，被转述的话不放在引号内。直接引语变为间接引语时，原来的句式、人称、时态等都要做相应的变化。

（Ｉ）句型结构的变化

１.直接引语若是陈述句，变为间接引语时，通常把直接引语变为由that 引导的宾语从句，that可省略。如：

Bill said, “I’ve tried my best.”

→ Bill said (that) he had tried his best. 2.直接引语如果是一般疑问句或反意问句，变为间接引语时，把直接引语变为由whether 或if 引导的名词性从句。如：

(1) He told me, “Do you know the man over there ?”

→

He asked me whether/if I knew the man over there. (2) Adam asked me, “Are you leaving today or tomorrow ?”

→

Adam asked me whether I was leaving that day or the day after that day. (3) “You liked this dress, don’t you ?” I asked Rebecca. →

I asked Rebecca whether/if she liked that dress. 3.直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，把直接引语变为由原来相应的疑问词引导的名词性从句，同时注意要将原来的疑问语序变为陈述语序。如：

“Why don’t you go there by train ?” Daisy asked Jack. →

Daisy asked Jack why he didn’t go there by train. 4.直接引语如果是祈使句，变为间接引语时，把动词原形变为带 to 的不定式，前面的引用动词根据句子的意思、语气等决定。基本句型为：引用动词+宾语+(not) to +原动词。如：

“Please show me your ID card,” the officer said to Doris. →

The officer asked Doris to show him her ID card.

（II）

人称代词的变化

直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词的变化可简要归纳为“一主二宾三不变”。即：

1.“一主”指若直接引语中的主语是第一人称，变为间接引语时，从句的人称要与主句的人称保持一致。包括物主代词。如：

Lucy said, “I’ll buy this coat for my mother.”

→

Lucy said she would buy that coat for her mother. 2.“二宾”指若直接引语中的主语是第二人称，变为间接引语时，从句的人

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称要与主句的宾语人称保持一致。如：

My boss said to me, “You did a good job !”

→

My boss told me that I had done a good job. 3.“三不变”

指若直接引语中的主语为第三人称，变为间接引语时，人称不作变化。

如：

Mr. Lin said, “ Scott is a good student.”

→

Mr. Lin said Scott was a good student.

（III）

时态的变化

如果主句中谓语动词是一般过去时，从句在从直接引语变为间接引语时，其谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。具体如下表

所示：

直接引语

间接引语

一般现在时

一般过去式

一般将来时

过去将来时

现在进行时

过去进行时

一般过去时

过去完成时

现在完成时

过去完成时

（IV）

其他变化

1.

指示代词：this → that; these → those 2.

地点副词：here → there 3.

动词： come → go ; bring → take 4.

时间状语：now → then ; today → that day; yesterday → the day before; this week/year → that week/year last month → the month before; tomorrow →the next/following day next Monday → the next Monday; ago→ before 注意：

1.

直接引语在变为间接引语时

，在下列情况下时态不变：

(1)

直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理。如：

The teacher told us, “ The moon moves around the earth.”

→

The teacher told us (that) the moon moves around the earth. (2)

直接引语中表具体时间的状语，如某年某月某日。如：

Wei Hua said, “ I was born on June 14,1996.”

→

Wei Hua said (that) she was born on June 14, 1996. (3)

当天当地转述。如：

He said, “ I’ll come here this afternoon.”

→

He said (that) he will come here this afternoon. 2.

在使用间接引语时，引用动词不只限于say,tell,ask 根据句意或语气的不同，我们可以灵活运用其他动词，如：warn, order, invite, advise, suggest, recommend, wonder, remind, explain, complain, feel,etc.

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单项填空：

1.

Could you tell me ___ this time yesterday ? A. what was he looking for B. what he had looked for C. what he was looking for D. what he looked for 2. Mrs. Gao told me ___. A. not to leave the door open B. not leave the door open C. not to leave the door opened D. to not leave tne door opened 改错（一处错误）：

1.

The manager said that he has taken the document home with him. 2.

Ted said he was leaving for New York following day. 3.

Tracy asked me what was I dong at 7:30 the day before. 4.

The teacher asked Mary where she had been these days.

III.

考试导向

(I)

典型例题分析

1．

Sarah wanted ___ some friends, so she entered an Internet chat room.(12年湖南学考真题) A. making B. to make C. made D. makes 2.---Look! The light in the room is still on. ---Sorry, I forgot ___ it off. (10年湖南学考真题) A.turning B. turn C. turned D. to turn 3. Our teacher often ask us ___ over the answers carefully before handing in our papers.(09湖南学考真题) A. go B. going C. to go D. gone (II) 重点关注

动词不定式是比较重要的语法点，这三年学考都有题目，但难度不太大。

IV.

强化训练

（Ｉ）单项填空

1. When I was young, my father taught me the earth ___ around the sun. A. moved B. had moved C. was moving D. moves 2.Helen had to shout ___ above the sound of the music. A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard 3.You were silly not ___ your car. A. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 4. ---Keep me informed ___ the latest news. --- OK. A. of B. at C. for D. by 5.We should develop economy, build a harmonious society, and prevent pollution ___ a happy life for all of us.

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A. from ensuring B. ensuring C. from being ensuring D. to ensure

（ＩＩ）双向翻译

Every day, it is easy to see advertisements all around us. Look around, how many different advertisements can you see ? 1.Often products show the name of the company that made them. This is a popular form of advertising. The special picture or symbol, i.e. logo, appears on many different products. 2.When you see the logo, it’s hard to forget that product or the company. Many people buy a product, 3.因为它是某一公司生产的。 In fact, some people only buy a product of a famous company. They think it proves that they are fashionable and have good taste. 4.在电视上或电台里广告很普遍。

Most

advertisements are very short for people to remember. Nike, for example, has a simple slogan used all around the world: “ Just do it .” 5. Advertisements often use funny situation as well. It’s easy to remember an entertaining ad.

1._____________________________________________________________

2._____________________________________________________________

3._____________________________________________________________

4._____________________________________________________________

5._____________________________________________________________

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