Learning about Language教学设计(第一课时)

曹州一中高二英语必修五UNIT5

导学案（五）

语法——省略

（一）并列句中的省略

在并列句中，第二分句（或第三、第四分句）往往可以省略与前句相同的成分。如：Some books are to be tasted, others (are) to be swallowed, and some few

(are) to be chewed and digested.

（二）简单句中的省略

1．省略主语

1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略。如：

(You) Be seated, please.

2）其他省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。如：

(I)Thank you for your help. （谢谢你的帮助。）

(It)Doesn’t matter. （没关系。）

2．省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。如：

(There is) No smoking. （禁止吸烟。）

(Is there) Anything else ?（还有其他事吗？）

(You come) This way, please. （请这边走）。

(Will you)Have a smoke ?（吸支烟？）

What (do you) think about a cup of tea ?（来一杯怎么样？）

Why（do you）not say hello to him ?（为什么不和他说声再见呢？）

3．省略宾语。如：

—Do you know Miss Gao ?（你认识高小姐吗？）

—I don’t know（her）. （我不认识。）

—Which of them is the better choice ?（他们中谁是更合适的人选？）

—Well, it’s hard to tell（it）. （哟，这很难说。）

4．省略表语。如：

—Are you thirsty ?（你渴吗？）

—Yes, I am（thirsty）. （是的，我渴。）

5．同时省略几个成分。如：

—Are you feeling better now ?（你觉得好些吗？）

—（I am feeling）Much better（now）. （好多了。）

—Have you finished your work ?（你完成工作了吗？）

—（I have）Not（finished my work）yet. （还没有。）

（I wish）Good luck（to you）！（祝你顺利！）

Unit5（学案五）—1

6．其他一些省略结构

1）名词所有格所修饰的名词，若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或上文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时，常常可以省略。如：

We spent the weekend at the Blacks’.

2）what和how引导的感叹句中，常可省略主语it和be动词。如：

What a wonderful victory（it is）for Wilma! How wonderful（it was）to be treated like a normal child, even when I was bad.

3）不定式省略，单独使用不定式符号to。

①代替动词不定式后被省略的动词，常在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，seem，try，wand，wish等后边。如：

I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.

②在have，need，ought，be going，，used等后。如：

I didn’t want to go there, but I had to.

③在某些形容词glad，happy，pleased，delighted等后，如：

—Will you join in the game ? —I’d be glad to.

④否定形式的省略用not to。如：

—Shall I go instead of him ? —I prefer not to.

⑤如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留be，have和have been。如：

—Are you a sailor ? —No, but I used to be.

—He hasn’t finished yet.

—Well, he ought to have.

（三）复合句中的省略

1．定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that，which，whom常可以省略；当先行词是time，reason，place时作状语的关系副词when，why，where也可以省去。如：

This is the first time（when）he had trouble with the boss.

2．当wh-疑问词引导宾语从句且后边的内容与前边重复时，可以把重复的内容省去，而保留wh-疑问词。如：

Tom was sad, but I don’t know why（he was sad）.

Unit5（学案五）—2

3．状语从句中的省略现象

一般来说，省略现象多出现于下列五种状语从句中：

由when，while，as，before，after，till，until，once等引导的时间状语从句；由if，unless，whether等引导的条件状语从句；由though，although，even if，whatever等引导的让步状语从句，由as，than引导的让步状语从句；由as，as if，as though 方式状语从句。

上述状语从句在省略时，并不是任何成分都可以省略，而是遵循一定的原则：

1）当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时，可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：

①连词(as, as if, once) + 名词

Once（he was）a teacher, he now works in a government office.

②连词(though，whether，when) + 形容词

Work hard when（you are）young, or you’ll regret.

③连词(whether, as if, while) + 介词短语

He looked everywhere as if（he was）in search of something.

④连词(when，while，though) + 现在分词

While（I was）walking along the street, I heard my name called.

⑤连词（when，if，even if，unless，once，until，than，as）

+ 过去分词

The exhibition is more interesting than（it was）expected.

⑥连词（as if，as though）

+ 不定式

He opened his lips as if（he were）to speak.

注意：当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时，间或也有这样的省略：

Her father told her to be careful when（she was）crossing the street.

2）当从句中的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系统动词be时，可以把it和系动词be一起省略。此时构成连词(if，unless，when，whenever) + 形容词的结构。如：

Unless（it is）necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary.

另外，我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容，此时可有if + so/not省略句式。

Get up early tomorrow. If not（you don’t get up early，you will miss the first bus.

He may not be at home then, if so（he is not at home），leave him a note.

强化训练题

一

1. --- I won ' t do it any more. --- ________? A. Why don 't

B. Why don ' t do it any more C. Why not

D. Why not to 2. Although ________ to stop, he kept on working. A. tell B. telling C. having told D. told 3. --- Will you waste your time and money on that? --- Certainly ________.

Unit5（学案五）—3

A. I not B. don ' t C. not D. no 4. --- Mary didn ' t attend the lecture, did she? --- Yes, she ________. A. attended B. didn ' t attend C. didn ' t D. did 5. --- What ' s Joan doing? --- _________ newspap ers in the room. A. She reading

B. She reads

C. To read

D. Reading 6. _________ always succeed.

A. Honest and clever students

B. Students who honest and clever C. Honest students and clever

D. Students are honest and clever 7. --- Can you climb that tree, my boy? --- __________ ? A. I

B. Myself

C. Mine

D. Me 8. Some people are against the plan but _______ support it. A. any more

B. many more

C. much more

D. no more 9. --- I 'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat? --- Not at all. _________. A. I've no time

B. I 'd rather not

C. I 'd like to

D. I 'd be happy to 10. --- Why not go and have dinner in a restaurant? --- ______. It ' s too expensive. A. Why not B. I agree C. I'm afraid not D. I'm sure

答案：

CDCDD ADBDC 强化训练题

二

1.—Are there any English story books for us students in the library? — There are only a few, ____.

A. if any B. if there C. if some D. if has

2. — Would you like to go with us?

— Yes, ____.

A. I’d B. I’d like C. I’d like to D. I’d like to do

3. — Would you like to have a try once again?

— ____.

A. Yes, I like B. No, I don’t like it

C. Yes, I want very much D. Yes, I’d like to

— ____ her bicycle.

4. — What do you think made Mary so upset?

A. As she lost

B. Lost

C. Losing

D. Because of losing

5. — When did they get down to the job? — ____. A. Until they left

B. Till they arrived

C. Since they finished it

D. Not until they turned to me 6. — Are you angry? — Yes. He should at least answer when ____. A. speaking

B. spoken to

C. spoken

D. speaking to 本章补充强化训练题参考答案

Unit5（学案五）—4