Learning about Languageppt配套教案和课堂实录

Teaching Goals: 1. 现在完成时被动语态的结构

2. 现在完成时被动语态的主要用法

3．使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题

课前预习现在完成时被动语态的结构就是

现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合，即“ have + been + 动词过去分词”。试比较以下几组句子的谓语结构：

1. 主动句：He has repaired the machine for two hours. （他修理这台机器已有两小时了）

被动句：The machine has been repaired for two hours. （这台机器已修了两小时了）

2. 主动句：The teacher has borrowed the books. （老师把那些书借走了）

被动句：The books have been borrowed by the teacher. （那些书被老师借走了）

Key points: 一、现在完成时被动语态的构成

1．现在完成时被动语态的肯定式

由“have ／has ＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：

Two windows have been broken．两个窗子被打破了。

2．现在完成时被动语态的否定式

由“have ／has ＋not＋been ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：

The car has not been repaired．这辆汽车还没有修好。

3．现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式

由“Have ／Has ＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：

①─Has her work been finished？她的工作完成了吗？

─Yes，it has．是的，完成了。

②─Have the cars been repaired？这些汽车修好了吗？

─No，they haven't．不，还没有。

4．现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式

由“疑问词＋have／has＋主语＋been＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如：

How long has her work been finished？她的工作完成有多久了？

Who has been helped by the new computer？谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助？

How many new words have been learned by the students？这些学生已经学会了多少单词？

二、现在完成时被动语态的主要用法

1．表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响和结果。

例如：The door has been locked．门被锁上了。（结果是现在没有人能进去）

2．表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能将持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long．．．？句型中。

例如：They have been told about it for many times．有人告诉他们这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他们）

How long has the machine been used？这机器使用有多久了？

三、使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题

1．现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即

have ／has和been，两者缺一不可。

2．注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。

例如：The house was built last year．这房子是去年建造的。

The house has been built．这房子已经建好了。

3．由finish，buy，start，begin，post，return，borrow，

join，marry，open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语如for four days，how long等连用，而要改换动词或时态。

例如：译：这本书买了多久了？

误：How long has this book been bought？

正：How long ago was this book bought？

但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有延续性，因而可与since或for引导的时间段连用。

例如：No books have been bought since last week．自上周以来，没有人来买过书。

4．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。

例如：The orphan has been well looked after．这位孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。

Test in class: •

1. In my hometown,there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat

(cut).

•

2. Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement

(reach) so far by the two sides.

•

3. The battle lasts little more than half an hour,in which time around 50,000 kilograms of tomatoes

•

(throw) at anyone or anything that moves,runs,or fights back.

•

4. In most cities the sky looks as though it

•

(empty) of stars,leaving behind a vacant haze that mirrors our fear of the dark.

•

5. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they

(promise) before leaving their hometowns.

•

6. More than one means

(take) since Tom learned the new language,but he still doesn’t perform well.

•

7. The fields where crops used to be grown •

(use) for buildings now.

(sell out) already.

•

9. Computers

(use) in offices and homes since 1970s.

•

10. —What is the price of petrol these days?

•

—Oh,it

(rise) slightly since last month.

•

8. The new dictionaries are very useful.They

(sell) well and