Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehendingppt配用优秀获奖教案

2018学年新华中学高三英语高考二轮复习

阅读理解

主旨大意

新华中学

高三英语备课组

刘芳

考纲解读

(阅读能力)：

要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：

（1）理解主旨要义；

（2）理解文中具体信息；

（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；

（4）做出判断和推理；

（5）理解文章的基本结构；

（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

学情分析

本班为文科实验班

一轮复习中，我们已经穿插渗透了分文体的练习，如记叙文

（情感态度），说明文议论文（科学技术，健康生活），学生能够准确判断阅读材料的文体，但是对于不同文体特点缺乏系统的归纳，尤其不会主动将文本类型及其特点运用到解题过程中去。在获取文章主旨大意方面，同样“只见树木，不见森林”，即缺乏利用文本特点帮助自己归纳总结文章中心要义的意识和能力，甚至有中上水平的学生提问：老师，知道它是什么文体，到底有什么用？

除此之外，学生在遇到主旨大意，作者意图题型时还反映，对于最后排除的两个答案，总是在二选一过程中选错，对于如何有效排除干扰项，固定题型的解题模式和思路有待加强。

学习目标：

1.能够判断哪种题型考察的是理解主旨要义并明确其解题思路；

2.能够说出记叙文常见的写作手法和说明议论文的一般结构；

3.能够借助不同语篇特点归纳总结记叙文和说明议论文的主旨大意；

4.能够在理解主旨大意的基础上，有意识地从整体上理解细节信息，做出推理判断

【Pre-class homework】

A

Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for a house for me and our children.

During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport.

He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one.

Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my 1

husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath.

My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them out, although they had found mainly foreign addresses on most of the documents. At last they had seen a half-written letter in the pile in which my husband had given his new telephone number to a friend. That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people. We still remember their kindness and often send a warm wish their way. 1. What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney? (2014全国II卷，A篇) A. Go shopping

B. Find a house

C. Join his family

D. Take his family 2. The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from_______. A. a friend of his family

B. a Sydney policeman C. a letter in his papers

D. a stranger in Sydney 3. What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean? A. Showed

B. Sent out

C. Delivered

D. Gave back 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. From India to Australia.

B. Living in a New Country. C. Turning Trash to Treasure.

D. In Search of New Friends.

B Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.

While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools. For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad. This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user. The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant. You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks. The robot doesn’t just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household. It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos. Social robots are not just finding their way into the home. They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces. Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market. The company’s “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the product’s location in the store. It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for. The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns. But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees. “We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us,” said Breazeal.( 2015天津B) 5. How are social robots different from household robots? A. They can control their emotions.

B. They are more like humans. C. They do the normal housework.

D. They respond to users more slowly. 2

6. What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3? A. Communicate with you and perform operations. B. Answer your questions and make requests. C. Take your family pictures and deliver milk. D. Obey your orders and remind you to take pills. 7. What can Oshbot work as? A. A language teacher.

B. A tour guide.

C. A shop assistant.

D. A private nurse. 8. We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will ______.

A. train employees

B. be our workmates C. improve technologies

D. take the place of workers 9. What does the passage mainly present? A. A new design idea of household robots. B. Marketing strategies for social robots. C. Information on household robots. D. An introduction to social robots.

【While class】

Step1：Lead in 篇章回顾

请口头翻译以下句子（注意疑问句的语序和助动词的使用）并作出回答

1. 在到达悉尼后，他计划做些什么？

What did he plan to do after his arrival in Sydney? To look for a house for his wife and children

2. 这个人遇到什么大麻烦了？

What big trouble did the man have? He lost his suitcase together with his important documents.

3. 他怎么找到他的文件的？

How did the man find his documents? A kind family found his suitcase in their trash can and called him.

4. 这个家庭的善行对作者来说意味着什么？

What did the family’s kindness mean to the author? It not only restored the important documents but also restored their faith and trust in people

Step 2: Analysis and conclusion 文本分析：

i. Pre-class Homework中A篇的体裁是

记叙文; 1. 文章大意和此类文体（记叙文）一般篇章结构：

1）

开端：After he arrived in a new country, he wanted to look for a house. 2）发展（高潮）：He lost his suitcase together with his important documents. 3）

结局：A kind family found his suitcase in their trash can and called to him. 4）结论（反思、升华）It not only restored the important documents but also restored their faith 3

and trust in people

1.开端（背景）

故事情节

记叙文

2.发展

3.结局

4. 结论、升华

tip:关注故事结局出现在第几段(Para.5)，同时思考，之后的段落(Para.6)有什么功能，作者为什么要在结局之后继续写这些内容，反应了什么? ii. 错题分析：

第4主旨题，第3猜词题

思路：建立整体的篇章意识，首先把握文章主线（故事情节+作者结论、反思）再解题

主旨大意题：Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. From India to Australia.

B. Living in a New Country. C. Turning Trash to Treasure.

D. In Search of New Friends.

lost documents regained documents

faith and trust in people

猜词题：What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean? A. Showed

B. Sent out

C. Delivered

D. Gave back 原句：That family not only restored the important documents to us that day but also restored our faith and trust in people.

lost—found

iii. 小结：呈现四个题干及其正确选项

1. What did Rashid plan to do after his arrival in Sydney?

开端、背景

B. Find a house 2. The girl’s parents got Rashid’s phone number from_______

文发展

C. a letter in his paper 章3. What does the underlined word “restored” in the last paragraph mean?

主结局

D. Gave back 旨4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

总结、反思

C. Turning Trash to Treasure.

结论：将题干与正确答案串联起来，基本构成文章主线（主旨）——解题时帮助排除干扰项

2). B篇

文本分析

i. Pre-class Homework中B篇的体裁是

说明文; 1. 说明对象（中心词、高频词）是

social robots

humanized 4 technology

2. 文本分析：主题句，首尾段关系，各段中心句

以Mindmap形式呈现文章大意

主旨题What does the passage mainly present?

A. A new design idea of household robots.

B. Marketing strategies for social robots. C. Information on household robots.

D. An introduction to social robots.

Para. 2.3.4.5 说明对象，中心

词

3. 呈现题干与正确答案，串联起来就是文章大意

Para. 2 5. How are social robots different from household robots?

B. They are more like humans

6. What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?

Para. 3 D. Obey your orders and remind you to take pills. 7. What can Oshbot work as?

Para. 5 C. A shop assistant. 8. We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will

Para. 6 B. be our workmates

9. What does the passage mainly present? D. An introduction to social robots.

5

4. 小结：

解题紧扣中心

说明文，议论文

—

整体上把握文章

中心词，高频词：议论、说明的对象

首尾段，判断文章结构（总分，分总…）

文章中心句，段落中心句

Step 3 practice 《轻松英语》P18

Passage7 1. 按照以上步骤，学生快速浏览篇章，并完成第四题（主旨题）

文体

：说明文

说明对象（中心词）：Silence 文章主题句：

(首句)：The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups

different Different countries: America,

Chinese, Russian, Mexican

第二段中心句：Many native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people…

第三段中心句：Other cultures may use silence in other ways. 第四段中心句：Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they…

2. 文章结构

第四题

选出文章标题Best title A. Sound and Silence

B. What It Means to Be Silent C. Silence to Native Americans

D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold

6

3. 教师示范：文本分析

(Para.1)

What It Means to Be Silent

What does silence mean to different cultural groups?

(Para.2)

What does silence mean to Americans?

(Para.3)

What does silence mean to other cultures like Russian and Mexican ?

(Para.4)

What does silence mean to nurses?

（将整个篇章的理解转化为在理解文章主旨的基础上，对四个问题的回答What does silence mean to…

）

32. What does the author say about silence in conversations？

C. It is culture-specific. 33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought？

A. The Chinese. 34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence？

D. Make use of its healing effects. 35. What may be the best title for the text？

B. What It Means to Be Silent

Step 4 总结思路：

1. 判断文体

2.回忆记叙文常见的写作手法和说明文、议论文的一般结构；

3.利用语篇特点归纳总结主旨大意；

4. 在理解主旨大意的基础上，有意识地从整体上理解细节信息，做出推理判断

Step 5: Homework 《轻松英语》Page 20,23,29,31

附

本节课练习文本（2016全国卷1 D篇）

The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs. Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as 7

some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection. Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority. Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures. 32. What does the author say about silence in conversations？

A. It implies anger. B. It promotes friendship. C. It is culture-specific. D. It is content-based. 33. Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought？

A. The Chinese. B. The French. C. The Mexicans. D. The Russians. 34. What does the author advise nurses to do about silence？

A. Let it continue as the patient pleases. B. Break it while treating patients. C. Evaluate its harm to patients. D. Make use of its healing effects. 35. What may be the best title for the text？

A. Sound and Silence B. What It Means to Be Silent C. Silence to Native Americans D. Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold

8