Learning about Language名师教学设计1

英语句子成分

I

教学内容

英语句子八种成分

英语简单句基本句型

II教学目标

1.知识目标：学习和掌握英语句子成分和简单句基本句型

2.能力目标：简单句基本句型的识别和运用

3.情感目标：通过英语句子成分和基本句型的学习，为讲和写完整正确的英语句子打下

坚实的基础，树立起学好英语的信心。英语句子成分

II教学重难点及方法

1.教学重点：理解英语中构成各成分的词性

2.教学难点：学习和运用基本句型

3.教学方法：explaining,

discovering

&

practicing IV教学步骤

Step1

significance

英语是由单词——词组——句子——段落——篇章构成，环环相扣，相辅相成，英语中的句子处于一个适中的位置，可以看作是英语中连接低级和高级的纽带。学习单词和词组的时候，我们往往要举例子来理解和运用单词和词组，与此同时，句子又是组成段落和篇章的基本单位，因此学习句子成分和结构是非常重要和必要的。

学习句子成分要会判断它是由什么词性的单词来充当该成分的，并且要学会判断句子中的各个成分，学好了该部分的知识，对于我们学习难句和分析长句十分有帮助，只有掌握了句子的构成和简单句的基本句型，我们在讲英语和写英语时才能讲出/写出完整正确的句子，才能切实去提升我们的表达和写作。

Step2

the

sentence

elements

英语句子成分可分为8种：

主语（subject）;

谓语动词（predicate）;

表语（predicative）；宾语（object）；宾语补足语（object

complement）；

定语（attribute）；状语（adverbial）；主语补足语（subject

complement）

一．

主语：是一句的主体，是全句诉说的对象，简单来说就是谓语动词之前

的部分，往往由名词（n.），代词（pron.），数词，非谓语动词形式以及句子来充当。

1.

Walls

have

ears.

名词

2.

He

will

take

you

to

the

hospital.

代词

3.

Three

and

four

is

seven.

数词

4.

To

see

is

to

believe. To

do

不定时

5.

Smoking

is

not

allowed

in

public

places.Doing

动名词

6.

Whether

or

not

they

will

come

depends

on

the

weather.句子

T：相信同学们对主语还是不陌生的，关键要会判断到底是什么成分充当主语。要注意非谓语动词形式和句子作主语的情况。

二．

谓语

T:

谓语由什么来充当呢？

S：动词

T:

不错，谓语的确是由动词来充当的，具体来说是什么样的动词呢？

S1：be动词和实义动词

S2：及物动词和不及物动词

S3：系动词和实义动词

T：非常好，你们的回答都是正确的，谓语除了由动词构成，还可以由动词短语以及助动词/

情态动词+动词来组成。

1.Action

speaks

louder

than

words.

2.The

chance

may

not

come

again.

3.Mary

has

been

working

at

the

dress

shop

since

1994.

三．表语：位于系动词之后，构成系表结构，说明主语的特质，特征，状态

等。

注：系动词又叫连系动词，本身有词义，但不能单独作主语。

常见的系动词：

“状态”类：be;“变化”类：get/become/turn/grow/go;感官”类：taste/smell/look/sound/fell;持续”类：stay/keep/remain;其他：（似乎）seem/appear;（证明是）prove/turn

out

to

be

表语常由形容词（adj.），名词（n.），代词（pron.），数词，介词短语，to

do不定式，句子构成。

1.Everything

here

is

expensive.

→adj.

2.My

father

is

a

professor.

→n.

3.Who’s

that?

It’s

me.

→pron.

4.Three

times

five

is

fifteen.

→数词

5.The

story

of

my

life

may

be

of

help

to

others.

→介词短语

6.His

plan

is

to

seek

work

in

the

city.

→to

do

7.My

first

idea

was

that

you

should

hide

your

feelings.

→句子

四．

宾语：表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。

位置：一般放在动词/动词短语之后介词之后

宾语往往由名词，代词，动名词，数词，to

do不定式，句子，介词+名词充当

1.She

covered

her

face

with

her

hands.

→名词

2.We

haven’t

seen

her

for

a

long

time.

→pron

3.Do

you

mind

opening

the

window?

→动名词

4.Give

me

four

please.

→数词

5.He

wants

to

dream

a

nice

dream.

→to

do

6.We

need

to

know

what

others

are

doing.

→句子

7.We

should

care

more

about

our

friends.

→介词+名词

五．

定语：修饰名词

位置：

定语常由名词，名词所有格，数词，形容词，序数词，to

do形式，现在分词doing和句子来充当。

1.

They

are

women

workers.

→n.

2.

Tom’s

father

didn’t

have

a

car.

→名词所有格

3.

Mary

is

a

beautiful

girl.

→adj.

4.

The

play

has

three

acts.

→数词

5.

This

is

her

first

trip

to

Europe.

→adj./序/

to

do

6.

China

is

a

developing

country.

→doing

7.

Those

who

want

to

go

to

Tibet

are

to

sign

their

names

here.

从句六．

状语：表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、伴随情况等。

1.

I

left

the

village

five

years

ago.

→时间状语

2.

The

best

fish

swim

near

the

bottom.

→地点状语

3.

I

arrived

late

because

of

the

traffic

jam.→原因状语

4.

We’ll

send

a

car

to

fetch

you.→目的状语

5.

The

fish

can

eat

a

person

in

two

minutes,

leaving

only

bone.

结果状语

6.

If

he

goes,

so

will

I.→条件状语

7.

Though

he

is

a

child,

he

knows

a

lot.→让步状语

8.

The

students

came

into

the

classroom,

singing

and

dancing.→伴随状语

七．

宾语补足语：英语有些及物动词（vt），接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要

有一个其他的句子成分来补充说明宾语的意义，状态等。

“

宾语+宾补”构成复合宾语

宾语常常由名词，形容词，介词短语，非谓语动词来充当

1.

They

elected

me

captain

of

the

team.

→n.

2.

We

try

to

make

our

country

strong.→adj.

3.

We

found

everything

in

good

order

there.→介词短语

4.

I

should

advice

you

to

get

the

chance.→to

do

5.

I

saw

him

going

upstairs.

→现在分词doing

6.

They

found

the

house

broken

in.

→done

八．

主语补足语。如过上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语变成主语，原宾补→主补

1.

I

was

elected

captain

of

the

team.

2.

Our

country

will

be

made

strong.

Step3.

Practicing

将下列句子翻译成汉语并找出它们的主语，说出是什么词充当的主语。

1.

Little

streams

feed

big

rivers.

(小河流入大江)

2.

He

told

a

joke

but

it

fell

flat.

(他说了个笑话，但没有引人发笑) 3.

Smoking

is

bad

for

your

health.

（吸烟对你的健康不利）

4.

The

disabled

are

to

receive

more

money.

(残疾人得到了更多的救济金)Whenever

you

are

ready

will

be

fine.

(你无论什么时候准备好都行)

翻译下列句子并划出各部分的句子成分

1.

I

am

reading.

2.

The

plane

took

off

at

ten

o’clock.

谓语、状语

3.

All

I

could

do

was

to

wait.

To

do

作表语

4.

She

is

in

good

health.

介词短语作表语

5.

This

is

where

I

first

met

her.

表语从句

6.

Tired

and

sleepy,

I

went

to

bed.

主补

7.

He

must

be

the

best

violinist

alive.

定语

8.

We

have

two

children,

a

boy

and

a

girl.

(一男一女)同位语

9.

They

all

wanted

to

see

him.

Pron.作同位语

10.

She

plays

the

piano.

宾语

11.

She

likes

to

go

to

the

cinema

this

afternoon.

12.

Leave

the

door

open.

宾补

13.

We

found

John

out

when

we

arrive.

宾补

Step4

simple

sentence

structure

基本句型：主语+系+表语

主语+谓语

主语+谓语+宾语

主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

主语+

谓语+宾语+宾补

1.

主语+系动词+表语

S+V+P

Eg：our

city

is

at

the

crossing

of

some

important

railways.

5.

The

city

will

become

rich.

Practicing:

（1）

你的故事听起来很有趣。

（2）

把鱼放在冰箱里，否则它会变坏。

（3）

这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。

（4）

这个计划证明是可行的。

2.

主语+谓语（vi）

Eg：Building

has

started.

The

train

leaves

at

7:40.

动词副词搭配：The

teacher

teaches

well.

The

child

walks

very

slowly.

动词介词搭配：The

girl

looked

at

the

picture.

The

children

ran

to

the

forest.

Practicing:

小鸟在树上欢快的唱歌，鱼儿在池塘里自由的嬉戏，我玩的很开心。

3.

主语+谓语+宾语

S+V+O

Eg:

The

boss

employed

five

more

workers.

My

brother

takes

care

of

the

vegetable

garden.

He

forgot

to

close

the

door.

Practicing:

（1）他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。

（2）他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。

（3）他许诺给我一个礼物。

4.

主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

Eg:

He

has

fetched

us

some

new

textbooks.

Grandma

cooked

us

a

nice

meal.

The

boy

asked

me

if

I

could

speak

Chinese.

归纳：接双宾语的常见词有：ask,

answer,

give,

offer,

send,

bring,

pass,

tell,

show,

teach,

promise

Practicing:

（1）顺便问一下，他把钱给你了吗？

（2）下学期谁教你们生物？

（3）Mr.

White

告诉我为什么出国。

5.

主语+谓语+宾语+宾补

Eg：The

villagers

didn’t

allow

them

to

do

this.

We

found

him

a

very

good

pupil.

Practicing:

（1）我建议他多读点书

（2）他修了机器。

（3）我们选他当班长。

Step5.

Summary

学习英语句子中的成分并学会在句子中去划分成分，对于后期我们处理长难句非常有帮助。通过判断和划分句子成分，找到句子主干，就可以充分的，正确的理解复杂的句子。同时在写作中也不易犯语法错误，尤其是在写长句时。解决选择题也是一样，分析句子成分，明确横线处缺什么成分，应该用什么性质的词来担当该成分，那么问题就迎刃而解了。

举例：Grandma

pointed

to

the

hospital

and

said,

“

that’s

I

was

born.”

A.

When

B.

how

C.

why

D.

where

解

析：很明显，that’s

I

was

born.是一个主系表结构，缺表语，再来看I

was

born

是一个句子，那说明是用句子来作表语，根据意思“医院”和“我出身”是什么关系？→“我出身在这个医院”是“我出身”的地方，那么肯定是用where来引导的一个地点状语从句。

You

will

have

the

ability

to

drive

a

car

and

to

communicate

in

fluent

written

and

spoken

English

since

you’ll

have

to

help

those

people

with

different

disabilities.

We

found

the

hall

full.

We

found

the

great

hall

full

of

students

and

teachers.

We

found

the

great

hall

full

of

students

and

teachers

listening

to

an

important

report

made

by

a

comrade

from

the

People’s

Daily

on

current

affairs

in

East

Europe.我们发现大堂里坐满了学生和老师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。

课后反思

1.

I

can

swim

very

well.

2.

The

waiter

brought

a

bottle

of

beer

to

me.

3.

The

rain

has

been

pulling

down

for

a

whole

day.

4.

Jim

asked

you

give

his

best

wishes

to

everyone.

5.

You

must

get

the

car

ready

by

tomorrow.

6.

I

have

a

lot

of

clothes

to

be

washed.

7.

My

being

late

worried

my

teacher.

8.

That

president

himself

would

visit

our

school

excited

all

of

us.

9.

His

uncle

left

him

some

money.

10.

April’s

Day

is

the

special

day

of

the

year

when

you

play

a

joke

on

someone.