Useful expressions教案3

句型转换专题复习

句型转换这一题型是先给出一个句子，然后再给出一个包含几个空白处的句子，要求根据括号内的具体要求在第二句的空白处填入适当的词来完成。它有完全的句式转换和句子中某一部分或几部分的转换。该题型主要考查同学们的语言基础知识及句子结构的构成、变化、运用等。其特点是规律性强、灵活性小，旨在考查考生用不同的句型结构来表达相同、相近或相反的语意的能力，训练灵活运用语言的技巧。

从题型上看，句型转换可分为两大类：

一是按要求改写句子。即按照指定要求将原句改写成其他形式的句子，如肯定句改为否定句，陈述句改为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、反意疑问句、感叹句，对划线部分提问等。

另一类是同义句、近义句的转换，即要求用不同的句型，不同的语言手段表达相同的思想。

小学阶段常见的句型转换的类型：

一、肯定句改为否定句

一个陈述句，要变成否定句，如果句中有be动词，即am, is(was)或are(were)，在am, is(was)或are(were)的后面加not。如果句中有情态动词can(could),变否定句要在can(could) 后加not。如果句中没有be动词，也没有情态动词can(could)，就要加助动词do/does/did,主语是第三人称单数，则在动词前加does，再加not；其他人称在动词前加do，再加not；如果是过去时态，在动词前加did，再加not。（可

用缩写形式）

如：

He is a student. →He is not (isn’t) a student. You can go outside. →You can not (can’t) go outside. He watches TV in the evening. →He does not(doesn’t) watch TV in the evening. 练习训练：

将下列肯定句改为否定句：

1. You are a doctor. You

a doctor. 2. Our room was big.

Our room

big. 3. I can do my homework in the morning. I

do my homework in the morning. 4. I go to school at 8 o’clock.

I

to school at 8 o’clock. 5. My sister plays football with her friends. My sister

football with her friends. 6. She went to Shanghai last Sunday.

She

to Shanghai last Sunday.

二、陈述句改为一般疑问句

一个陈述句，要变成一般疑问句，如果句中含有be动词，即is（was）或者are（were），则直接把is（was）或者are（were）题前，当然，如果主语是I，习惯上吧“Am I …？”，变成“Are you…？。如果句中含有情态动词can（could），则把can（could）题前。如果句中没有am，is（was）或者are（were），也没有can（could），若主语是第三人称单数，则在句首加does，原句中动词的单数第三人称恢复成原形；其他人称在句首加do。

如：

I am a student. →Are you a student ? I can swim. →Can you swim. He goes to school at 7:30. →Does he go to school at 7:30? We like animals. →Do you like animals? 练习训练：

将下列陈述句改为一般疑问句：

1.She is tall and thin.

tall and thin ? 2.I am happy.

happy ? 3. He can clean the room.

he

the room ? 4.Zhang Peng can wash his clothes.

Zhang Peng

his clothes ? 5. We play basketball after school.

play basketball after school ? 6.She often goes home on foot.

she often

home on foot ? 7.Mike and John often eat breakfast at 7 o’clock.

Mike and John often

breakfast at 7 o’clock ? 三、对划线部分提问

就划线部分提问，是用一个合适的疑问词去替代句中的某一成分，使之成为一个特殊问句。其方法主要是：先依据语意选择相应的疑问词和疑问句语序，句末改用问号。这时我们要注意以下几点：

（1）选择恰当的疑问词。

（2）对主语或主语的定语提问时，用陈述句语序。对定语提问时，所修饰的名词应放在疑问词后。

（3）对其它成分提问，用“疑问词＋一般疑问句”语序。

常见疑问词及用法：

What

什么，一般用于对物品、事物的提问

When 什么时候，用于对时间（大的时间）的提问

What time 几点，用于对时间（具体到几点的时间）的提问

Who 谁，用于对人物的提问

Whose 谁的，用于对物品所有人的提问

Where 哪里，用于对地点的提问

Why 为什么，用于对原因的提问，一般用because回答

How 怎样，如何，用于对方式方法的提问

How many 多少，用于对数量的提问

How much 多少钱，用于对价钱的提问

如：

I can speak English. →What language can you speak? He is cooking rice.

→What is he cooking? She is my sister.

→Who is she? My birthday is on June 5th. →When is your birthday? Her pencil is under her desk. →Where is her pencil? Because I can go swimming in summer. →Why do you like summer? Wu Yifan goes to school by bus.

→How does Wu Yifan go to school? Lily’s dog has lost. →Whose dog has lost? There are 5 tigers in the zoo. →How many tigers are there in the zoo? 练习训练：

对划线部分提问：

1.My mother goes to work by bike. _______ _______ your mother _______ to work? 2.That is a map of China. _______ map is that? 3. His name is Mike.

his name? 4.There are six kites in the sky.

kites are there in the sky? 5.He is doing Chinese kung fu now.

he

? 6.Her mother is cooking in the kitchen.

her mother cooking? 7.Children’s Day is in June.

Children’s Day ? 8.I like winter because I can make a snowman.

like winter? 四、肯定、否定回答

肯定回答用Yes；否定回答用No，带上not。

如：

Is it on the table? 肯定回答：Yes, it is.

否定回答：No, it isn’t. Is she your mother? 肯定回答：Yes, she is.

否定回答：No, she isn’t. Can you speak English? 肯定回答：Yes, I can.

否定回答：No, I can’t. Do you like oranges? 肯定回答：Yes, I do.

否定回答：No, I don’t. Does Chen Jie work in a library? 肯定回答：Yes, she does.

否定回答：No, she doesn’t. Are there any tall buildings near here? 肯定回答：Yes, there are.

否定回答：No, there aren’t.

五、单数句改复数句

如果句中包含be动词，首先将is改为are，was改为were；其次，将单数名词改为复数名词。(this的复数形式

these，that的复数形式those) 如：

He is a boy. →They are boys. This is a potato. →These are potatoes. That is Amy’s friend. →Those are Amy’s friends. There is a book on the table. →There are some books on the table.

句型转换设题广，部分试题难度较大，这就要求同学们有扎实的语言基本功和熟练的解题技巧。

对于按要求改写句子的试题：首先应注意“要求”的内容；二是要注意选词的准确；三是要注意各种句型的特殊点；四是要注意大小写和拼写的正确。