Learning about Language教学设计一等奖

第四单元语法：定语从句----关系代词引导的定语从句

一．简单句的五种基本句型

1．主语

＋

不及物动词(vi.)

She came．/ My head aches. 2．主语

＋

及物动词(vt.)＋宾语

She likes English.

3．主语

＋

系动词

＋

表语

She is happy．

4．主语

＋

双宾动词

＋

间接宾语

＋

直接宾语

She gave John a book．//She bought a book for me. The teacher asked me to read the passage. 5．主语

＋

宾补动词

＋

宾语

＋

宾语补语

She makes her mother angry．

※6．There +be

There lies a book on the desk. 二．并列句

1．连接成分：连接成分实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行的词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做并列连词。

2．常用并列连词

①平行并列连词: and, both…and,not only…but also, neither…nor, and then ②

转折并列连词：but, while, yet ③

因果并列连词: for, so ④

选择并列连词:

or, either…or, neither… nor ▼三.复合句

在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。复合句 = 简单句 + 从属连词 +简单句

复合句主要包含以下类型从句： 1．名词性从句

①主语从句 ②宾语从句

③表语从句 ④同位语从句 2．定语从句

①限制性定语从句

②非限制性定语从句

3．状语从句

①时间②地点③原因④条件⑤让步⑥结果⑦目的⑧方式⑨比较

一．定语从句

1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成

分。

定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句．

为了便于理解，我们来看看是如何将两句话并为一句话的。

一、合并句子

1．

2．

3．

4．

5．The book was good.

I read it.

6．

7. The man was very kind.

8. The picture was beautiful.

9．The man is standing over there.

10．

11．

12．

归纳：that,既指人又指物，作主语或宾语。

which,指物，作主语或宾语。

who, whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。

1

that, which, whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。

whose 既指人又指物

练一练：用合适的关系代词填空，能用几个填几个：

1) A plane is a machine ______________can fly. 2) The car _________________my uncle bought last week was stolen. 3) The students ________________ don’t study hard will not pass the exam. 4) The woman ___________________ you saw in the park is our English teacher. 5) He talked happily about the men and books______________ interested him greatly in the school. 定语从句常见错误归纳：

1. 在定语从句中加了多余的宾语或主语。

•

Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come.

•

The book that you need it is in the library. •

This is the man that he was caught stealing yesterday. 2. 把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。

•

Anyone who break the law will be punished. •

Those who has finished may go home. 3. 误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。

Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth. 定语从句单选练习：

1. Have you seen the film Titanic _______ leading actor is very famous?

A. whose

B. which

C. it’s

D. its 2. Do you still remember the chicken farm __we visited three months ago?（2005北京春）A. where

B. when

C. that

D. what 3. All the apples ______ fell down were eaten by the pigs.

A. that

B. those

C. /

D. what 4. The last place _____ we visited in the countryside was a farm.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. in which 5. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _______ are built close to each other.

A. they

B. where

C. what

D. that 6. The prize will go to the writer ________ story sows the most imagination.

A. that

B. which

C. whose

D. what

7.

Last month, part of southeast Asia was struck by floods（洪水）, from ____ effects(影响) the people are still suffering.（遭受）

A. their

B. whose

C. which

D. what 8. Is this the reason _____ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work? (2002上海春) A. he explained

B. what he explained

C. how he explained

D. why he explained 9.

Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?

A. where

B. that

C. on which

D. the one 10. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.

A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 11. This book is quite different from _____ I read last night. A. a book

B. that

C. which

D. the one 12. What’s the name of the village _______ you visited last summer?

A. where

B. when

C. why

D. that 13. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.

A. of whom

B. of whose

C. whom

D. whose 14. Happiness and success often come to those ______ are good at recognizing their own strength.(2013 湖南)

A. whom

B. who

C. what

D. which 15. On the way home I met the girl _____ you talked with in the library yesterday.

A. which

B. she

C. whom

D. whose 用适当的关系代词完成下列句子：

1. The man _____ is shaking hands with mu father is a policeman. 2. Nobody wants the house _____ roof has fallen in. 3. A dictionary is a book ______ gives the meanings of words. 4. She is the only one among us ________ knows French. 5. How many students are there in our class _______ homes are very far? 6. The days _____ I spent together with her are really unforgettable. 7. I have a new friend ______ is named Mary. 8. I don’t know the girl ______ our teacher is talking with.

2

3 二、除关系代词外，还有关系副词，

when，

where，

why，

其中

when用来指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如：

I will never forget the day when I first came to the Great Wall.而

where 则指地点，在从句中作地点状语，如：

This is the house where the old man lives.。why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语. (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.

请看下面例句：

1．The city was beautiful. We spent our vacation there.

2．

3．

4．That i

5．

6．７∶０５

is the time.

7．１９６０

is the year. The revolution took place then.

Fill in the blanks. 1. I still remember the day ___________ we spent in the forest. 2. I still remember the day ___________ I first came to Beijing. 3. The factory ___________ we will visit is large. 4. The factory ___________ his father works is large. 5. Do you know the reason __________ he explained at the meeting? 6. Do you know the reason __________he didn’t attend the meeting yesterday?

高考链接：

hottest then.

8．July is the month.

1. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town __________ he grew up as a child. (NMET 1996) A. which

B. That

C. where

D. when 2. The film brought the hours back to me __________ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. (NMET2001) A. until

B. that

C. when D. where 3. We are living in an age _____ many things are done on computer. (2003北京春) A. which

B. that

C. whose

D. when 4. We will be shown around the city: schools, museums, and some other places, __________ other visitors seldom go. (2002北京) A. what

B. which

C. where

D. when 5. —Where did you get to know her?

—It was on the farm _________ we worked. [2007 山东卷]

A．that

B．there

C．which

D．where

6.The village has developed a lot _____ we learned farming two years ago.(2007福建）

A when

B which

C that

D where 7.The time is not far away________

modern communication will become widespread in China’ vast（广阔的）

countryside. A as

B when

C until

D before

一、

Go over what we learned in the last class by doing some exercises. 填空：

Don’t forget the time___________ I’ve told you.

I’ll never forget the days__________ I worked with you. He works in a factory _________________makes radio parts.

He works in the factory ____________ his father worked.

That’s the reason _______________ he explained to us.

That’s the reason ___________ she left home.

单选: 1.Many people went to the cinema to see Titanic ______ was the most successful film in Hollywood that year and ______leading actors quickly became world-famous.

A. which; where

B. what; its

C. which ; whose

D. what; that 2.Could you please tell me again the address of the factory ____ you mentioned just now? I forgot to make a note of it. A. what

B. when

C. that

D. as 3.I don’t think the reason ____ she gave me is true, since she dared not look at me as she spoke. A. why

B. that

C. what

D. when 4.The day will surely come_____ all the people in the world live in peace and happiness. A. when

B. as

C. then

D. where 5.A person _____ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.(09tianjin) A. who

B. whom

C. whose

D. whoever 6.Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ________ roof is under repair. A. whose

B. which

C. of which

D. that 7.Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ________ sight matters more than hearing. A. when

B. whose

C. which

D. where

改错：每句只有一个错误

1. I’m using the pen which he bought it yesterday.

2. The man whom I spoke is from Canada. 3. July 1,1999 is the day when we’ll never forget.

4. I’m going to work in the hospital where needs me.

5. Those that haven’t been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate. 7. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable. 8. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons in our school.

10.Under the big tree are 34 students, many of

them come from class two. 11. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible. 12. This is the very pen that you gave it to me before. 13. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick.

14. We’re going to visit the school where your brother works there.

4

15. That is the way which they work out the problem. 16. The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten. 17.The house stands at the place that the two roads meet. 18.We shall visit the college where his father teaches there. 19.The students are playing football on the playground are of Class Two . 20. This is the knife with that the doctor did the operation.

二、New lesson 关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系。

关系副词when, where, why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。如：when=in/on/at…+which, where=in/on/at…+which, why=for+which介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。

“介词＋关系代词”即“介词＋whom(指人)/which”引导定语从句应注意：

1.介词的选用至少要考虑以下两个因素

A.与先行词的搭配关系

1）I will never forget the day _____________ I joined the army. 2) I will never forget the days ____________ I worked in the school. 3) I will never forget the year ____________ my son went to college. 4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, __________time most people had had supper. B. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯

1）Have you found the book ____________ I paid 29 US dollars? 2) Have you found the book _____________ I spent 29 US dollars? 3) Have you found the book _____________ we learnt a lot? 4) Have you found the book ____________ she often talks? C. whose +n可以转换成of which/whom+ the +n 或

the +n +of which/whom 1).Please pass me the book whose cover is blue. Please pass me the book of which the color is blue. Please pass me the book the color of which is blue. 2).The girl whose father is an engineer is my best friend. The girl ________ _______ ________ _________ is an engineer is my best friend. The girl ________ _______ ________ _________ is an engineer is my best friend. 练一练：

用介词＋关系代词填空（根据句意和搭配）

1). He’s the man ____________ I learnt the news.（从他那得知）

2). Who’s the comrade（同志）

____________ you just shook hands.（与…握手）

3). Do you know the driver who caused the traffic accident ____________ a man was killed.(在事故中) 4). The old man always wears his glasses __________

he can’t see anything.

5).The key_________ she opened the door was lost.(用钥匙开) 6). No one knows the reason _____________ she is leaving so early. 7). At last they came to a river _____________ a new bridge is being built.(在桥上)

8).The boy was staying in the room ___________window he could climb down.（通过屋子的窗户）

9). I know a lady the husband ____________ is a Nobel Prize winner. 10). I’m painting a house, the roof _____________ is round. 2.表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of 1) There are 100 teachers in our school, __________60 are women teachers. 2) He has three children, two ___________ work as teachers. 3) That table has four legs, all _____________ are very short. 高考链接：

1.By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ____ appeared a rare rainbow soon. （2008福建）

A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which

4. The man pulled out a gold watch,_____were made of small diamonds.(钻石) (08陕西)

A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of

C. which the hands of D. the hands of which

二、了解一个概念：非限定性定语从句

:它是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that引导非限制性定语从句。

1.表所有关系及整体中的一部分或全部时，用介词of, 有时可用whose转换。

1) There are 100 teachers in our school, __________60 are women teachers. 2) He has three children, two ___________ work as teachers. 3) That table has four legs, all _____________ are very short. 5

4) I’m painting a house, the roof _____________ is round. 2. as, which引导的非限定性定语从句

由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。as一般放在句首，有“正如，正像”的意思，其引导的定语从句常与know, see, report, say, expect, announce等动词连用；which引导的定语从句不可以放句首。

A. which

B. that

C. who

D. it 3. Whenever I met her, ____was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.(09山东) A. who

B. which

C. when

D. that 4.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days.（2004全国3）

A. of which

B. during which

C. from which

D. for which As is known to all，China is a developing country．

He is from the south，as we can know from his accent．

As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.

The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

3.way作先行词

(较特殊，需注意) 1) The way (in which/that) he looks at the problems is wrong. 2) The way____________ he explained the sentence to us is not difficult to understand. 3) The way ______________ he explained to us was quite simple. 4) What surprised me most was not what he said but the way _____________ he said it. 练一练：

1. He has two sons, and both of _____ work as actors. He has two sons, both of _____ work as actors. 2.China has hundreds of islands, ____

_______ Taiwan is the largest. China has hundreds of islands, the largest______ _________ is Taiwan. 3.This is the house ______ _____ the window was broken yesterday. This is the house _______ window was broken yesterday. 4. He is the teacher _____ ______ help we have made great progress. 5. The library ______ _______ we often go on Sundays is not far from our school. 6. I will never forget the first day_______ ________ I came to this city, about _______ I will tell you more later. 7. This is a story ______ _______ we can learn a lot and we should all read it. 高考链接：

1.

She brought with her three friends, none of ______ I have ever met before.(09全国1)

A. them

B. who

C. whom

D. these 2. My friend showed me around the town, ________ was very kind of him.(09全国2)

5. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. （08全国卷II）

A. it

B. what

C. which

D. that

6. All the neighbors admire this family _________the parents are treating their child like a friend. （2008安徽卷）

A. why B. where C. which D. that 7. It is reported that two schools，_______ are being built in my hometown，will open next year. [2007 四川卷]

A．they both

B．which both

C．both of them

D．both of which 8. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it. [2007 安徽卷]

A. none of them

B. both of them

C. none of whom

D. neither of whom 9._________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.(05浙江)

A. When

B. After

C. As

D. Since 10.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year , 80%

are sold abroad .（2004辽宁）

A .of which

B .which of

C .of them

D. of that

二、New lesson:

as引导的定语从句, as是关系代词, 在句中可做主语,表语和宾语. such … as…

such…

that…

eg. This is such a difficult problem as nobody can work out.(定语从句)

This is such a difficult problem that nobody can work it out.（结果状语从句）

the same---as---

the same---that---

She wears the same dress as her sister wore yesterday. (同样的连衣裙但非同一个) 6

She wears the same dress that she wore at the party.

(同一件连衣裙) 三．用介词＋关系词填空

1.He built a telescope__________

_________ he could study the skies. 2.I have many friends ______

________ I can turn for help. 3.There was a bridge,_____ _________ ran a wide river. 4.This is the way _______ _________ I usually deal with my personal affairs. 5.The knife _______ ________ we cut the bread is very sharp. 6.That is the car ______ _______ they came. 7.Anne,________

_______you received the invitation, lives next door to me.

四、定语从句在写作中的应用：使用定语从句使句子多样化

Ⅰ.Rewrite the sentences：

1. The film is called Titanic, and it is a beautiful and sad love story.

2. Jack is a poor painter. He won a ship ticket by playing cards.

3.They met and fell in love with each other on Titanic.

They had a happy time on Titanic

4.Sadly, the nice journey was destroyed by an unexpected storm, and Jack lost his life for saving Lucy in the storm. Ⅱ.看以下段落哪些语句可改为定语从句，使句式更丰富。

Our class is a big family. It consists of 12 girls and 50 boys. Most of them are mainly from the countryside. Zhao Qiang is a kind-hearted boy. He is always ready to help others. He is such a good boy that we all like him.

Ⅲ.就是在昨天我们一起吃饭的餐馆我把我的包丢了。（用定语从句和强调句翻译）

五、单选

1.Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.

A. it

B. that

C. which

D. he

3.It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.

A. that

B. which

C. as

D. it

4. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside the house.

A. which; what B. through which; what

C. through that; what D. what; that

5.The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.

A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are

6.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.

A. that B. which C. who D. as

7.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.

A. that B. which C. from that D. from which

8.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.

A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when

9.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.

A. that B. which C. as D. it

10.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.

A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what

11.I lost a book, ______I can’t remember now.

A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that

12.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.

A. them B. which C. whom D. who

13.I don’t like ______ as you read.

A. the novels B. the such novels

C. such novels D. same novels

14.I’m interested in ______you have said.

A. all that B. all what C. that D. which

15.I’ll show you a store ______ you may buy all _____ you need. A. where; which B. in which; that C. which; that D. that; that

7

上期高考链接：

2.

She brought with her three friends, none of ______ I have ever met before.(09全国1)

A. them

B. who

C. whom

D. these 2. My friend showed me around the town, ________ was very kind of him.(09全国2) A. which

B. that

C. who

D. it 3. Whenever I met her, ____was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.(09山东) A. who

B. which

C. when

D. that 4.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____ the sailing time was 226 days.（2004全国3）

A. of which

B. during which

C. from which

D. for which 5. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect. （08全国卷II）

A. it

B. what

C. which

D. that

6. All the neighbors admire this family _________the parents are treating their child like a friend. （2008安徽卷）

A. why B. where C. which D. that 7. It is reported that two schools，_______ are being built in my hometown，will open next year. [2007 四川卷]

A．they both

B．which both

C．both of them

D．both of which 8. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it. [2007 安徽卷]

A. none of them

B. both of them

C. none of whom

D. neither of whom 9._________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.(05浙江)

A. When

B. After

C. As

D. Since 10.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year , 80%

are sold abroad .（2004辽宁）

A .of which

B .which of

C .of them

D. of that

8