Learning about Language教学创新设计

Attributive clauses introduced by preposition+which/whom

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

Analysis of the Teaching Material (教材分析)

Attributive clause, one of the most important grammar in Senior English, The grammar of Unit 5 in Book 2 further discusses attributive clauses introduced by Preposition+which and preposition+whom

Teaching objectives (教学目标) Give a brief introduction to attributive clauses introduced by Preposition+which and preposition+whom. Ss will also learn that when, where and why can be replaced by a preposition+which in formal English.

Teaching key and difficult points (教学重难点) 1.Help students learn to choose the prepositions correctly in attributive clauses introduced by preposition+ which and preposition+ whom

2.Master some rules of the attributive clause

Teaching methods ( 教学方法) Task-based language teaching method;Cooperative learning teaching method;Gaming teaching method

Teaching tools (教具) the multimedia and other normal teaching tools.

Teaching Procedures (教学过程

)

Step 1 Revision& Lead-in

1.Competitive answering game Divide the class into four groups and ask students to stand up by themselves as quickly as possible to answer the teacher’s questions below. The group who answer the most questions are the winners. (1).Definition of attributive clause : ___________________________ (2).Antecedent(先行词):_______________________________________________________

(3).Relatives (关系词)____________________________

Functions(作用)a.______________________b._______________________________

c.______________________________ relative pronouns关系代词：_____________________________________

relative adverbs关系副词：_______________________________

(4).The usage of the relative pronouns

指代

所作成分

是否可省

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(5). The usage of the relative adverbs

指代

所作成分

是否可省

2.How to choose the relatives correctly

(1).____________________________________________ (2).___________________________________________ (3).______________________________________________ (4).________________________________________________

3.

1. This is a book in ______I’m interested.

2. He is a student with ______I often talk..

Summary：在定语从句中，若介词提前,先行词是人，引导词用whom;

②先行词是物，引导词用which.

Step 2The choice of prepositions

1.Present some example sentences in different ways, paying attention to the prepositions in the clauses. In this way, students will learn different forms of clauses introduced by prepositions.

1.The pen with which I write my homework everyday is broken, so I’ll have to buy a new one.

2.I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the army.

Summary:根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯来确定

( 约定俗成

不一定是短语)。

1.He is the famous singer for whom the fans are waiting.（wait for. . . 等待……）

2. My cat isn’t seen for several days, about which I’m worried a lot.

Summary:根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定介词。该动词或形容词与介词搭配，构成动词短语或形容词短语。

1.This is the pilot with whom my brother has worked for ten years.

2. This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.

Summary:根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词也不是固定的动词短语。这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。

2. Exercises 1.The speed____which you drive your car mustn’t

too high 2.They held a meeting,____which the hospital director made a speech. 3.The little girl is reading a book, _____which there are many pictures.

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4.In front of my house, there is a tree, _____ which some birds are singing.

5.The woman _____ my brother spoke just now is my teacher.

A. who B. to whom C. to who D whom 6.Jeanne was her old friend, ____ she borrowed a necklace.

A. from who

B. from whom

C. to that

D. to whom 7.What were the things _______ which he was not too sure? 8.His glasses ,_____ he was like a blind man, fell to

the ground and broke its leg. A. which

B. with which C. without which D. that 9.He built a telescope _____ he could study the skies.

A. in which B. with that C. through which D. by it 10.The Second World War _____ millions of people were killed in 1945. A. during which B. in that C. where D. on which

step3

Prep.+ relative pronoun

relative adverb

1. Tell students that when the noun or the antecedent refers to a place and is used as the adverbial of a place in the attributive clause. Where is used to introduce the clause. Here where is used as a relative adverb. Tell the students here where can be replaced by prep.＋which

(当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的prep.＋which来代替where。)

e.g. I visited the village where many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty. ＝I visited the village __________ many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty.

2. Tell students that when the noun or the antecedent refers to a certain period of time and is used as the adverbial of time in the attributive clause, when is used to introduce the clause. Here when is used as a relative adverb. Tell the students here when can be replaced by prep.＋which (当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的prep.＋which来代替when。)

e.g. We’d better fix a date when we will practice speaking English next week. ＝We’d better fix a date __________ we will practice speaking English next week. 3. Tell students that when the noun or the antecedent is the word reason, why is used to introduce the clause. Her why is used as a relative adverb. Tell the students here why can be replaced by

for which.

(当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以

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用for which来代替why。)

e.g. Can you tell me the reason why you were late for school? ＝Can you tell me the reason __________ you were late for school? ATTENTION!介词和从句中谓语动词是固定词组时（即含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开），这个介词一般不前置。Look after; take part in; look forward to; look for ect. e.g. The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正) The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)

Step4 “of which / whom”有时可以用“whose＋n.”结构来改写

即：whose + n.= of + which+ the + n.

whose + n. =

the + n. + of + which e.g.

They live in a house, whose door opens to the south. They lived in a house, ___________________ opens to the south. They lived in a house, _____________________ open to the south.

Step 6 Homework

textbook p45 1,2

Step 7 Blackboard writing design

Attributive clauses introduced by preposition+which/whom

The choice of prepositions 1.

根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯来确定

2.根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词确定介词。该动词或形容词与介词搭配，构成动词短语或形容词短语。

3.

根据句子的意思确定介词。有些句子，先行词完全一样，定语从句中谓语动词也不是固定的动词短语。这时，需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词。

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