Learning about Language教学评价实录

The Attributive Clause I--Relative Pronoun教案

定语从句(1) ---关系代词

Grammar of Unit 4 Earthquake

谭玉琳

Step 1: Make clear what the main elements of a sentence are, especially the definition of attribute. (Chinese version) (5 minutes) 1.

英语中的两大句子结构：主谓宾定状补；主系表定状补

2.

主谓宾系表定状补的定义：

（1）

主语：句子描述的是“谁”、“什么”。

（2）

谓语：说明主语的动作或所处的状态。

（3）

宾语：动作对象（间接宾语）或内容（直接宾语）。

（4）

表语：说明主语的性质、特征、状态、名称或身份，与系动词一起使用

（5）

定语：修饰或限定名词或代词

（6）

状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子

（7）

补语：补充说明主语或宾语的

3.

定语的定义和构成

定语：修饰或限定名词或代词的成分。

通常由形容词充当，放在被修饰的名词前面，如一个漂亮的女孩，a beautiful girl；

也可由词组或句子充当，放在被修饰的名词的后面，如一个装满花的篮子，a basket full of flowers; 一个身穿校服的女生a girl who wears the school uniform。

Step 2: The related concepts of the attributive clause. (Chinese version) (5 minutes) 1. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。

2. 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词通常有下列三个作用：

（1）

引导定语从句；（2）代替先行词；（3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。

关系代词的实质：Join the following sentences: The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday. The lady whom/that we saw yesterday is Green. whom/that 引导修饰lady的定语从句，代替先行词lady在定语从句中充当宾语。

3. 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

（1）关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；

（2）关系副词：when, where, why等。

Step 3: Detailed explanation of the usage of relative pronoun (12 minutes) 1. 关系代词的用法(2 minutes)

that

which

指人

Yes No 指物

Yes Yes 主语

Yes Yes 宾语

Yes Yes

who

whom

Yes Yes No No Yes Yes No N Yes（口语中）

Yes No Whose做定语

Yes 注意：先行词在定语从句中做宾语时可以省略关系词

2. 分析定语从句

“五步走”

（先-谓-定-句-关）(10 minutes)

（1）可用三角形标出先行词

（2）可用横线划出2个谓语动词

（3）可用括号把定语从句括起来

（4）分析定语从句的句子成分（主谓宾定状补）

（5）判断先行词在定语从句中充当的成分，选出关系词

3. Example of the analysis on an attributive clause e.g. The earthquake ___________ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history. 分析过程：先行词是the earthquake, 谓语动词是hit和was，定语从句是从横线到第二个动词前面，即___________ hit the city in 1906，定语从句中hit是谓语，the city是宾语，in 1906是时间状语，缺少了主语，先行词the earthquake在定语从句中则充当主语的成分，先行词是指物，所以选择了关系代词that或者which。

即The earthquake that/which hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.

Step 4: Practice makes perfect. (10 minutes) 1.Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose. (1) The earthquake that/which hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history. (2) We don’t know a number of people who/that lost their homes in 1906 earthquake.

(3) The house that/which/不填

they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.

(4) A house that/which is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.

(5) Luckily none of the people that/whom/不填

I know were killed in the earthquake. (6) Harry is the boy whose mother is our maths teacher. (7) Look at that lady whose name is Rose. (8) He is a teacher that/whom/不填

I like very much. (9) Those pictures that/which were drawn by Tom are nice. (10) Those that/who will go to the park stay here. (11) That was all the money that/不填I had. (12) Is there anyone here whose name is Tom? (13) They talked for about an hour of things and persons that/不填

they remembered in the school. (14) Who that

has common sense will do such a thing. (15) I don’t know the way that/in which he worked out. (16) The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. 2. Error correcting. (1)

Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two. (them改为whom) (2)

My mother has a good book which cover looks terrible. (which改为whose) (3)

Who are the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant? (are改为is)

(4)

She is one of the girls who is very interested in maths. (is改为are) (5)

Tom is the only one of the boys who like playing football. (like改为likes) (6)

Who is the girl that you talked to her just now? (her删掉) (7)

There is an old woman, that is holding a stick. (them改为whom)

Step 5: 特殊情况：只用that不用which的情况

(7 minutes) 1. (1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。

I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow. (2) 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。

I’ve read all the books that are not mine.

(3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。

This is the first book (that) he has read. (4) 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。

This is the very book that belongs to him. (5) 在以疑问词who开头的句子中, 只用that, 不用who。

Who is the man that is shouting there? 注意：上述情况如果先行词是指人，可用that也可用who，而且通常都用who来引导。

Someone who/that had sent you a bottle of chocolate left two minutes ago. 2. 关系代词that , which or who的用法练习

1.He did all / everything _______he could to help me. (that/不填) 2.This is the very thing _______ I am after. (that/不填) 3.We talked about the men and the things _______ we remembered at school. (that/不填) 4.He is the only man _______ can do the work. (that) 5.This is the first thing _______ I want to say. (that/不填) 6.He is the finest man _______ I have ever worked with. (that/不填) 7.Who is the man _______ spoke to you at the gate. (that) 8.Which is the star _______ is nearest to the earth. (that) 9.Is there anything else _______ you want to say? (that/不填) 10.Any person _______ has the money can join the group. (that) 11.He often speaks the role he played in the play, _______ made others upset. (which) 12.He opened the door, in front of _______ sat a boy. (which) 13.The man to _______ I spoke is a famous scientist. (whom) 14.The boy _______ mother is dead was brought up by his father. (whose)

Step 6: Homework. (1 minutes) 1.

语法练习

课本P.64第1题

2.

《全优课堂》P.59的单词识记、短语天地