Learning about Language课时教案

Unit 3

Grammar

The Present Perfect Passive Voice

教学目标：

To learn and use the present perfect passive voice. 教学重点：

Enable students to master the usage of The Present Perfect Passive Voice 教学难点：

To guide students to use The Present Perfect Passive Voice

in real situation. 教学过程：

Step 1 Lead-in Look at the following sentences. 1. An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved. (必修2) 2. So even the olive wreath has been replaced! (必修2) 3. The fantastic modern buildings have

been designed by Kurt Gunter. (新概

念2 L37)

Sentences from this unit: 1. Over time I have been changed quite

a lot. 2. First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s. 3. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I

never forget anything I have been told!

4. Since the 1970s many new

applications have been found for me. 5. I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. 6. I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars. Guessing game to test your sense of observation to test your ability of short-term memory to test your ability to highlight the language points 1. An opinion is what someone believes is true but __________________.

2. So even the olive wreath __________________!

3. The fantastic modern buildings _________________ by Kurt Gunter.

4. Over time I ________________ quite a lot. 5. First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop, I _____________ in offices and homes since the 1970s. 6. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I _____________! 7. Since the 1970s many new applications

______________ for me. 8. I _____ also ________ into robots and

____ to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. 9. I ____ even ________ into space rockets and ____ to explore the Moon and Mars. Exercise 1. Paper money ______ for over a thousand years.

A. used

B. has been used

C. has used

D. is using

2. — ______ the letter ______ to Mr. Black?

—

No. It’s still on the desk.

A. Has; given

B. Will; be given

C. Was; given

D. Has; been given 3. Great changes ______ in my hometown

and a lot of factories ______.

A. have taken place; have been set up

B. have been taken place; are being set up

C. are taken place; had been set up

D. had taken place; will be set up Step2 Presentation and special attention 现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响。

Understanding the structure of the present perfect passive voice The structure of the present perfect passive voice is: have / has + been + ~ed 1.主动语态即主语为动作的执行者；被动语态即主语为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，但主语为动作的承受者，表示“……已经被……”。

The new school has been set up.

新学校已经建成了。

2. 现在完成时被动语态的肯定式为：have / has + been + done The experiment has been done successfully. 这个实验做得很成功。

现在完成时被动语态的否定式为：have / has + not + been + done Tom’s novel has not been published. 汤姆的小说还没有被出版。

现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问句需将have / has提到主语的前面。

Has his bike been repaired? 他的自行车修好了吗？

现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词

+ have / has + been + done Who has been invited? 谁受到了邀请？

现在完成时的被动语态表达以下两个概念：

1. 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。

2. 主语是行为动作的承受者。

现在完成时的被动语态由have/has been+ v-ed构成，其中v-ed为过去分词，表示被动。

I have been told about it many times. The bridge has just been built. 在使用现在完成时的被动语态时要注意以下两点：

1. 过去分词前有两个助动词：have / has和been。

2.

必须表示被动。

注意: 1.副词的位置often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have / has和been中

间。如: [误] Such a man has been hardly believed. [正] Such a man has hardly been believed. 2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态

(1)

happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：

[误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.

[正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. (2) open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。

3. 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：The patients have been taken good care of. 主动语态变被动语态的方法：

(1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2) 把谓语变成被动结构

(be + 过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3) 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。

All the people laughed at him.

He was laughed at by all the people.

They make the bikes in the factory.

The bikes are made by them in the factory. (4) 双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，

另一个保留不动。

主动：I have given him the key. 被动：He has been given the key. 被动：The key has been given (to) him. (5) 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补保留不动，改称主语补足语。

主动：I have asked her to help you. 被动：She has been asked to help you. 试分析：

(1)［误］Many new buildings been built since 1980.

［正］Many new buildings have been built since 1980. 分析: 谓语部分结构不全, 时态部分不完整。

(2)［误］Something bad has been happened to him.

［正］Something bad has happened to him. 分析: 被动语态误用。happen为不及物动词，不及物动词没有被动语态。

(3)［误］I have introduced to Mr. Smith.

［正］I have been introduced to Mr. Smith (by Mr. Wang). 分析: introduce为及物动词，I是introduce的承受者。

(4)［误］The door has been opened of itself.

［正］The door has opened of itself. 分析: 有些动词如open，break，drop等既可以作及物动词，又可以作不及物动词，若不强调谁是动作的发出者，我们通常用主动语态。of itself意思是“自动地”，因此，此句不可用被动语态。

Review 现在完成时的被动语态肯定结构：have / has + been + done 否定结构：have / has + not + been + done Step3 Exx Quiz I: Multiple choice.

1. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ______ yet.

A. are not decided

B. have not been decided

C. is not being decided

D. has not been decided 2. Every possible means ______ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.

A. is used

B. are used

C. has been used

D. have been used

3. All the preparations for the task ______ and we’re ready to start.

A. completed

B. complete

C. had been completed

D. have been completed

4. — ______ the sports meet might be put off.

— Yes, it all depends on the weather.

A. I’ve been told

B. I’ve told

C. I’m told

D. I told 5. I got caught in the rain and my suit _______. (2007北京)

A. has ruined

B. had ruined

C. has been ruined

D. had been ruined 6. In recent years many football clubs

______ as business to make a profit. (2008上海)

A. have run

B. have been run

C. had been run

D. will run 7. I like these English songs and they _____ many times on the radio.

(2008安徽)

A. taught

B. have taught

C. are taught

D. have been taught 8. --- Why does the Lake smell terrible?

--- Because large quantities of water ______. (2009福建)

A. have polluted

B. is being polluted

C. has been polluted

D. have been polluted

9. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they _______ before leaving their hometowns. (2010福建)

A. promised

B. were promised

C. have promised

D. have been promised 10. In the last few years thousands of films _________ all over the word. (2011天津)

A. have produced

B. have been produced

C. are producing

D. are being produced

Quiz II: Turn the following into the passive voice. 1. We have planted some trees around the lake.

2. My father has locked the door.

3. Someone has turned off the light.

4. I have finished my homework.

5. They have rebuilt the bridge.

6. He has repaired the machine for two hours.

Quiz III: Put the Chinese into English to complete the sentences. 1. You can see the house _________________ (未油漆) for years. 2. How many workers _____________

(已派遣) to build the railway?

3. — Why does Mary look so unhappy?

— She _________________ (被嘲笑) by her classmates.

4. It is said that the house __________________ (闯进了) by two thieves.

5. _____ his views ____________ (受到批判) by them?

6. The two pens ______________________

(未被拿走) by him.

7. This new type of computer _________________ (设计) for teachers and students.

Step4 Homework 1.Master what you have learned today. 2.Correct your mistaken exercises on your exercise book.