Learning about Language教学设计及课堂实录

Unit 3

Computers Grammar：现在完成时的被动语态

1. 现在完成时被动语态的构成

现在完成时被动语态的结构为has/have been done, 使用has been done时主语为单数，使用have been done时主语为复数。

☛This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书已被译为多国语言。

☛His bikes have been sold out. 他的自行车已卖完了。

2. 现在完成时的被动语态的含义

现在完成时的被动语态强调一个发生在过去的被动性动作，它有两层意思：

(1)动作已完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果。

(2)主语和谓语动词之间为被动关系。

☛Our classroom has been cleaned: you needn’t clean it now. 我们的教室已经打扫过，现在你没必要再打扫了。

☛These flowers have been watered. Yon can go home. 这些花已经浇水了。你可以回家了。

3. 现在完成时的被动语态的用法

(1)用于不知道动作执行者是谁时。

☛His bike has been stolen. 他的自行车被人偷了。(不清楚是谁偷的) (2)用于动作执行者是泛指或不言自明时。

☛Not a book in the library has been taken away. 图书馆里的书没有一本被人拿走。(没人拿书, 泛指) (3)用于可以说出动作执行者，但动作承受者是谈话中心或特别需要强调时。

☛My watch has been repaired. 我的表修好了。(表修好了是谈话的主旨，是谁修好的无关紧要, 不必提及) (4)用于动作的执行者不是人时。

☛The house has been washed away by the storm. 那栋房子已被暴雨冲走了。

4. 现在完成时的被动语态的各种句式

肯定式

will/shallbe going to+ be done

主语+be to1

否定式

will/shall notbe not going to+ be done

主语+ be not toWill/Shall主语Be主语going toBe主语to

一般疑问式

+ be done?

特殊疑问式

疑问词+will/shall主语be主语going tobe主语to+ be done?

☛His homework hasn’t been finished. 他的家庭作业还没有写完。

☛Has this bridge been finished? 这座桥竣工了吗? ☛Why has he been praised by his teacher? 为什么他被老师表扬了? 【易混辨析】

(1)现在完成时的被动语态、现在进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别：

①现在完成时的被动语态强调与现在情况的联系。

☛The bridge has been built. 这座桥已经建好了。

②现在进行时的被动语态表示动作正在进行，而且表示被动。

☛The bridge is being built. 这座桥正在修建。

③一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态仅涉及过去，与现在的情况没有联系。

☛The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建成的。

(2)非延续性动词，如borrow, finish, begin, start, marry等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。

☛这本字典借了多长时间? →How long has this dictionary been borrowed?(×)

→How long has this dictionary been kept?(√)

5. 现在完成时的主动语态变被动语态

(1)只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2)带有双宾语的动词，如give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。

(3)带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾语补足语改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。

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☛(主动)We have built many houses in the past ten years.

→(被动)Many houses have been built in the past ten years.

☛(主动)We have given him the book.

→(被动)He has been given the book.

→(被动)The book has been given to him.

【名师点津】

现在完成时的被动语态的选择：

1. 分析句式结构，明确句子所要表达的意义。

2. 明确句中的时间的参考点，确定所需时态。

3. 明确谓语动词与其主语之间应为主动关系还是被动关系，并明确动作是否能延续。

4. 确定正确的时态及语态。

将下列句子改为被动语态

1. He has given the girl some flowers. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Has he received the letter yet? ______________________________________________________________________________________ 3. A new virus has attacked my computer. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 4. I have made him study hard. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Have you found ways to make waste water clean? ______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】

1. The girl has been given some flowers by him./Some flowers have been given to the girl by him. 2. Has the letter been received by him yet? 3. My computer has been attacked by a new virus. 4. He has been made to study hard by me. 5. Have ways been found to make waste water clean (by you)?

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I. 单句语法填空

1. —Is the meeting being held now?

—No. I hear that it ________(put) off till tomorrow. 2. All possible means________(try) to protect this kind of animals in danger up to now. 3. —Your English is very good.

—I’m still nervous. After all, it is only the second time that I ________(meet) foreign guests. 4. Many of her friends have ________(invite) to her birthday party. 5. The novels written by Mo Yan sell well and ________(sell) out already. 6. Although he has lived with us for years, he ________(not leave) us much impression. 7. —How many times have you________(tell) not to play football in the street?

—I’m sorry. I’ll never do that again. 8. If the paper ________(finish), please hand it in. II. 将下列句子翻译成英语

1. 电脑已被广泛应用于学校。

_____________________________________________________________________ 2. 数据已经下载并储存在我的电脑中了。

_____________________________________________________________________ 3. 机器人足球队员已被设计得像人一样行动。

_____________________________________________________________________ 4. 这对老夫妇已经结婚30多年了。

_____________________________________________________________________ 5. 我想知道这个工作是否已经被完成。

_____________________________________________________________________ III. 单句改错

1. The reason for all the changes being made haven’t been explained to us yet. _______________________________________________________________________ 4

2. Great changes have been taken place in my hometown. _______________________________________________________________________ 3. My brother and I have invited to her birthday party. _______________________________________________________________________ 4. Something bad has been happened to him. _______________________________________________________________________ 5. The door has been opened itself. _______________________________________________________________________

I. 七选五

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

When I was 12 years old, I went with my dad to his workplace — a car shop. I was wandering around and I saw a poor woman with a child standing outside the shop. ___1___ My father went out and asked the woman to come in to the showroom.

He offered her some water and then asked her what was wrong. The woman said that her husband had died some months ago and that she didn’t have anyone else in her family who could help her. She did some work to earn some money to take care of her daughter but she was sick for the last three days and was unable to go to work. ___2___ While she was telling this story to my father, she was unable to control herself and started crying again. My father and I were deeply moved by her story.

___3___ My father then took them to the nearest hospital for her baby to be treated as she did not seem to be very well. On the way, we bought her a 5kg bag of wheat from the market. My father gave her some money before we left her. ___4___ It happened 8 years ago, but that event is still so fresh in my mind. ___5___ Since then, I have decided to try and walk a similar path and help others. A. The woman was grateful to us. B. Now she doesn’t have a grain of food to eat.

C. We got some food for her and her baby to eat. D. My father’s kindness to this woman inspired me deeply. E. I was so happy to see so many kind people in this world. F. My father and I tried our best to find a good job for the woman. G. I saw that she was crying a lot and went inside and told my father. 5

II. 书面表达

假设你是高一(1)班的班长李华，得知美国学生Chris作为交换生，下个月将到你班学习。请你根据以下提示，给他写封邮件：

1. 表示欢迎；

2. 介绍与本地生活相关的信息(如气候、饮食等)；

3. 介绍本班情况；

4. 希望Chris做哪些事情，以增进中美学生间的了解和友谊。

注意：

1. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

2. 词数100左右；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：交换生exchange student

Dear Chris,

I’m Li Hua, monitor of Class One, Grade One.

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