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考点14

动词的被动语态

【命题解读】

动词的语态是历年高考的重点，也是高考的必考点。高考主要以语法填空、短文改错等形式对被动语态这一考点进行考查，动词的语态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点。

【命题预测】

预计2018年高考语态仍将是高考考查的重点和难点所在，考查形式仍以语法填空和短文改错题型为主，很可能会与动词的时态及其他的语法点结合起来进行考查。

【复习建议】

1. 掌握被动语态的基本时态变化；

2. 掌握被动语态的特殊结构形式；

3. 掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况；

4. 掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况。

语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语有两种语态，即主对语态和被动语态。

Many students study English.(主动语态）

English is studied by many students.(被动语态）

主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。

被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。

被动语态的基本结构：be +P.P(be有各种时态的变化）

主动变被动的方法：

She waters the flowers every day. The flowers __________ by her every day. 总结：

主动语态

宾语

谓语

主语

其他

被动语态

抄下来

英语中各种时态的被动语态的构成

一般现在时：

一般过去时：

一般将来时：

过去将来时：

现在进行时：

过去进行时：

现在完成时：

过去完成时：

将来进行时：

现在完成进行时：

情态动词的被动结构：can/could/may/might/should/would+be +v.-ed

注意事项：被动语态的否定式在第一个助动词或情态动词后+not,短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介副词。

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一·用动词的适当形式填空

History _____ by the people.(make) He __ often________ to do the work by the teacher.(ask) The book____________ by him last year.(write) Some trees________________ on the hill already.(plant)

•

A new subway_________________ (build) next year. •

They said they_______________ (invite) to the party already. •

Young trees should ____________

(water)often. 被动语态的特殊结构形式

（1）带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。

The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

（2）有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。

His mother gave him a present for his birthday.

可改为

He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

（3）当＂动词+宾语+宾语补足语＂结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。

Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.

可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. （4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。

Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.

可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

（5）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如＂动词＋介词＂，＂动词＋副词＂等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。

The meeting is to be put off till Friday. 典例剖析

1. （2017·北京卷·单项填空）In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet.

A. haven’t invented

B. haven’t been invented

C. hadn’t invented

D. hadn’t been invented 2. （2017·天津卷·单项填空）

Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. A.

regard

B. is regarded

C. are regarded

D. regards 3.（2017·新课标I卷·语法填空）When fat and salt

(remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something.

考向二：不能用被动语态的几种情况

1.（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。

（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。

（3）表示归属的动词，如have、own、belong to等。

（4）表示＂希望、意图＂的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。

（5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。

考向三主动形式表被动意义的几种情况

•

•

•

•

2

（1）系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel，sound，taste，book，feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。

（2）当cut，sell，read，write，fill，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep等词带状语修饰语时；

（3）当break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out等动词词组表示＂发生、关闭、制定＂等意思时；

（4）want，require，need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。

（5）be worth doing用主动形式表示被动含义。

（6）在＂be + 形容词

+ to do＂中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。

另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。

典题剖析

As time went on, Einstein’s theory __________ to be correct. A. proved

B. proves

C. is proved

D. was proved 检测训练

题组一

基础过关

用被动语态的形式完成下列句子

1. Don’t be nervous, and they will tell you where to sit. →Don’t be nervous, and you ____________ ____________ ____________ where to sit by them. 2. People refers to California as the Golden State. →California ____________ ____________ ____________ as the Golden State by people.

3. In order to stop the air pollution, the government have taken a lot of measures. →A lot of measures ____________ ____________ ____________ by the government in order to stop the air pollution. 4. We are discussing how to spend the summer holidays now. →How to spend the summer holidays ____________ ____________ ____________ now. 5. Miss Li can make her class lively and interesting, so her students respect her. →Miss Li can make her class lively and interesting, so she ____________ ____________ by her students. 6. Two whales have ____________ ____________ (wash) up on the beach. 7. Tom was caught smoking in school, and he ____________ ____________ (punish) for it. 8. If you leave the club, you ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ (not allow) back in.

体验真题

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1. （2017·新课标II卷·语法填空）Steam engines ____________

(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been

(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 2. （2017·新课标III卷·语法填空）Sarah

(tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year. 3.（2016·北京卷﹒单项填空）The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts ____________ with success in the end. A.

rewarded

B. were rewarded

C. will reward

D. will be rewarded 4.（2016·江苏卷﹒单项填空）More efforts, as reported, _______ in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform. A.

are made

B.will be made

C.are being made

D.have been made 5.（2016·全国新课标卷I﹒语法填空）So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I

（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. 6.（2016·上海卷﹒语法填空）In recent years, stress (33) ______________________ (regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. 7.（2016·四川卷﹒语法填空）The giant panda

(love) by people throughout the world

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