Learning about Language优秀教学设计内容

Unit 1 Cultural relics Section Ⅱ

Learning about Language

Grammar 教学设计

I. Teaching contents：The attributive clause : the Restrictive and Non—Restrictive Attributive Clause

II. Teaching aims：

1.

Review attibutive Clause.:relatvie pronouns and relative adverbs 2.

To learn Attributive Clauses : the Restrictive and Non—Restrictive Attributive Clause

III. Key points & Difficulties Key points: Grasp the use of the Restrictive and Non—Restrictive Attributive Clause

Teaching Difficulties Learn the differences between the Restrictive and Non—Restrictive Attributive Clause IV.Teaching methods Discussing, summarizing and practicing. V. Teaching procedure: Step 1: preview 用关系词(which/whom/when/where)完成下列句子，并判断它们是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。

①This gift was the Amber Room, ________ was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. ②The amber ________ was selected had a beautiful yellow brown colour like honey. ③It

was

also a

treasure decorated

with

gold

and jewels, ________ took the country's best artists about ten years to make. ④Later, Catherine Ⅱ

had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg ________ she spent her summers. ⑤This was a time ________ the two countries were at war. 结论：限制性定语从句：____________________________ 非限制性定语从句：________________________________ 答案：①which

②which

③which

④where

⑤when 结论：②④⑤；①③

Step 2. 课堂精讲

一、定语从句的种类

定语从句根据其与主句关系的密切程度可以分为限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句两种。

二、定语从句的定义

1．限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，用于修饰和限定先行词。如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。书写时不用逗号与主句分开。

This is the MP4 that/which I bought for my daughter yesterday. 这是我昨天为女儿买的MP4。

2．非限制性定语从句：非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，它只是对先行词或主句作附加或补充性的说明，不起限制作用，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这类定语从句在书写时，大多用逗号与主句分开。非限制性定语从句中的关系代词不可省略。

He passed the exam, which surprised his parents. 他通过了考试，这使他的父母很吃惊。

三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

1．作用不同

限制性定语从句用来修饰和说明先行词，具有限制作用；而非限制性定语从句一般跟先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是对先行词的附加、补充说明，不起限制作用，可以省略。省略后主句的意思仍然完整。

Her sister who teaches us English will go abroad next year. 她教我们英语的姐姐明年将出国。(限制性定语从句，意思是她可能还有别的姐姐。) Her sister, who teaches us English, will go abroad next year. 她的姐姐教我们英语，明年将出国。(非限制性定语从句，对先行词her sister 起到补充说明的作用，言外之意：她只有一个姐姐。) 2．形式不同

限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句必须用逗号和主句隔开。

Mr. Smith, who came to see me yesterday, is one of my best friends. 昨天来看我的史密斯先生是我的一位好朋友。(非限制性定语从句) Here is the man that you want to see. 这就是你想见的那个人。(限制性定语从句) 3．先行词不同

限制性定语从句的先行词只能是一个名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是一句话。

This is the best novel that I have ever read. 这是我曾经看过的最好的小说。(先行词是novel) The novel, which I read last night, is very interesting. 这是我昨天晚上看过的小说，非常有意思。(先行词为novel) The novel is very interesting, which makes me very glad. 这部小说很有意思，这让我很高兴。(先行词为“The novel is very interesting”) 4．关系词的使用情况有所不同

不同点

使用的关系词不同

关系词的省略情况不同

限制性定语从句

可用that，why引导

关系代词作宾语时可省略

非限制性定语从句

不可用that，why，要用which代替that，for which代替why。

所有关系词均不可省略。

The house (that/which)I bought last month has got a beautiful garden. 我上个月买的那幢房子有一个漂亮的花园。

Can you tell me the reason why he was absent yesterday? 你能告诉我他昨天缺席的原因吗？

This is the man (whom/who/that) we are talking about. 这就是我们正谈论的那个人。

[重点提示] 在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，关系代词可用who，that或whom，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，关系代词只能用who或whom。

5．翻译不同

含限制性定语从句的句子先译从句，后译先行词，将从句放在先行词前。含非限制性定语从

句的句子一般先译先行词，后译从句，形成两个分句。

Our school has two foreign teachers, both of whom are from America. 我们学校有两个外教，他们都来自美国。

The foreigner who comes from America teaches us English. 来自美国的那位外教我们英语。

四、which与as引导的非限制性定语从句

1．as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的相同点：as与which都可用来引导非限制性定语从句，来指代整个主句的内容。当非限制性定语从句位于句末且as或which在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，两者常可互换。

He married her, which/as was natural. (作主语) 他和她结婚了，这是很自然的事。

He is an old kind farmer, which/as anybody can see. 任何人都能看得出来，他是一位善良的老农。(作宾语) 2．as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的不同点：

不同点

as

as引导的从句可位于句首、句末或插在主句中

as在从句中作主语时，常跟行为动词的被动式

as引导的从句在意义上可与主句相悖

which

which引导的从句常位于句末，不能位于主句之前

which在从句中作主语时，常跟行为动词的主动式

位置

动词的形式

主从句的意义

which引导的从句不受限制

As is known to all, Diaoyu Island belongs to China. 众所周知，钓鱼岛属于中国。

A ship named “Dexinhai”

was kidnapped by Somalia pirates last year, as was reported on TV. 据电视报道，去年“德新海”号货轮被索马里海盗劫持。

[重点提示] (1)as还常用在一些固定结构中，如as we know/as is known to all(众所周知)，as we all can see (正如我们大家都能看到的那样)，as is often the case (情况常常是这样)，as might be imagined (可以想象得到)，as might be expected(正如所预料的那样)，as has been pointed out(正如所指出的那样)，as has been said before/above (正如前文所述)，as (it) often happens(像往常一样)。

(2)当which在从句中指代的是先行词本身而不是主句时，不可用as代替which。

The car, which we saw on the playground yesterday, is Mike's. 我们昨天在操场上见到的那辆车是迈克的。

Step3活学活用

Ⅰ.单项填空

1．________ is known to us all, April 14, 2010 was the day ________ Yushu earthquake happened. A．Which; which

B．It; when

C．As; which

D．As; when 答案：D

第一空为非限制性定语从句，放在主句之前，只能用as引导；第二空替代先行词the day，在定语从句中作状语，故应用when，所以选D项。

2．(2014·郑州高一检测)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ________ came as a surprise. A．it B．that C．which D．he 答案：C

分析句子结构可知，后半句为非限制性定语从句，it与he为非关系代词，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，故A、B、D三项均不正确。which可引导非限制性定语从句，在这里指代主句的内容。

3．I feel so grateful for your selfless help, ________ I would not have become ________ I am today. A．with which; which

B．without which; who C．without which; what

D．with which; that 答案：C

句意：我非常感激你的无私帮助，

要不我就不会像今天这样。which引导非限制性定语从句，代指主句内容；what引导表语从句，在从句中作表语。

4．Nowadays, when people talk about magicians, the first one ________ comes into their mind is Liu Qian. A．whom

B．which C．that

D．what 答案：C

句意：现在每当人们谈起魔术师时，他们第一个想到的就是刘谦。先行词指人，在定语从句中作主语，因此选C。

5．(2014·温州高一检测)Watch out! Don't get close to the building ________ walls are being painted. A．of which B．which C．whose D．that 答案：C

由句意和分析句子结构可知从句中缺少定语修饰walls，故选C。A项结构不正确，正确结构应为the walls of which。

6．(2014·台州中学高一检测)I've read all the books ________ I borrowed from the library. A．which B．what C．that

D．who 答案：C

句意：我已读了我从图书馆借的所有的书。分析句子结构，从空格处起至句末是定语从句，由于先行词the books受到不定代词all修饰，故应用that。who指人，what不引导定语从句。

7．Mr. Smith is one of the foreign experts who ________ in China. A．worksB．is working C．are working D．has been working 答案：C

who引导定语从句，先行词the foreign experts在从句中作主语，故从句谓语动词用复数。

8．(2014·合肥高一检测)We are really interested in the way ________ the painter has painted the painting. A．where B．which C．what D．in which 答案：D

当way(方式)作先行词，且关系词在从句中作状语时，关系词可用that/in which或省略。故选D。

9．The boy finally went to Beijing University, ________ made his parents happy.

A．when B．which C．that D．as 答案：B

考查关系词的选择。句意：这个男孩最终上了北京大学，这使得他的父母很高兴。which在此引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句。as引导非限制性定语从句时，表示“正如”，不符合语境。

10．Having wandered for many years, he went back to the place ________he was born. A．that B．as C．where D．which 答案：C

句意：漂泊了多年之后，他回到了他出生的地方。the place为定语从句的先行词，从句

11．He made a dress using thousands of roses for his wife's birthday，________，

of course, gave her a great surprise. A．who B．that C．what D．which 答案：D

考查关系词的选择。句意：他为妻子的生日用数千朵玫瑰做了一条裙子，当然，这给了她一个大大的惊喜。which在此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句的内容。

中不缺主语或宾语，故用where在从句中作地点状语。

12．(2014·衡阳高一检测) The famous actor became successful, ________ began to appear on the stage to make a living at the age of 8. A．as B．which C．that D．who 答案：D

考查引导定语从句的关系词。句意：那位在八岁时为了谋生开始登台演出的著名演员成功了。定语从句缺主语，who引导定语从句且在从句中作主语。

13．They are all interested in the newly­built apartments along the river, yet ________ really want to buy them. A．none of them B．neither of them C．none of whom D．neither of whom 答案：C

考查定语从句。句意：他们都对新建的沿河公寓感兴趣，然而他们中没有一个人真想买。句中yet虽有转折之意，但是不能连接句子。所以此处为定语从句，故选C。

14．(2014·郑州高一检测)—Is this the magazine ________ she often writes

articles? —Yes, it is. A．to which B．of which C．for which D．about which 答案：C

考查“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时介词的选择。问句句意：这是她经常为之写文章的杂志吗？表示“为……撰稿/写文章”应用write articles for...，故选C。

15．The car，________ designers prepare it for those travellers ________ like to travel across some rough areas, looks strong and cool. A．whose; whom B．who; who C．whose; who D．which; whom 答案：C

考查关系词的选择。句意：这车看起来结实并且外形很酷，它的设计者们是为那些喜欢到地面不平的地方旅行的旅行者准备的。由句意及句子结构可知，关系词whose修饰名词designers并引导从句，而第二个从句中缺少作从句主语的引导词，先行词为人，故答案为C。

Ⅱ.句型转换

1．There lives an old man near the school, the son of whom is working abroad. →There lives an old man near the school, ________

________ is working abroad. →There lives an old man near the school, ________

________ ________ ________is working abroad. 2．This is the house where they spent their childhood. →This is the house ________

________ they spent their childhood. 3．That tree, whose branches are almost bare, is very old. →That tree, ________

________ ________ ________are almost bare, is very old. →That tree, ________

________ ________ ________are almost bare, is very old. 4．He didn't give us the reason why he was absent from the meeting. →He didn't give us the reason ________

________ he was absent from the meeting. 5．I'll never forget the day when we had class together. →I'll never forget the day ________

________ we had class together. 答案：1.of whom the son; whose son

2.in which

3.of which the branches; the branches of which

4.for which

5.on which

Step 4: Homework. 1.

Finish exercise 1 on page 43 2.

Prepare the game on page 43 exercise 2.