Learning about Language公开课教案

必修五

Unit 1

Great scientists The Past Participle used As Attribute过去分词做定语

1.English is a widely used language. 2.He threw away the broken cup. 3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s. 4.Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices. 一、基本概念

1．单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面; 2.

过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。

spoken English = English which is spoken terrified people= the people who are terrified an organized way= a way that is organized affected area 灾区= the area which is affected stolen culture relics= culture relics that had been stolen the book recommended by the teacher= the book which was recommended by the teacher

printed articles= articles that are printed 1) Doctor John Snow was a well-known doctor in London. 定语

2) John Snow told the astonished people in Broad Street. 定语

There are many fallen leaves on the ground.

= There are many leaves which had fallen on the ground. (地上有许多落叶) Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. = Some of them , who had been born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing. (他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没去过北京) 二

、用法及意义

1. 及物动词的过去分词表示结束了的被动动作或者没有一定的时间性,只表示被动关系。

polluted water

reserved seats

trapped animal =

water which is polluted

=

the seats which were reserved =

the animal which was trapped

2. 不及物动词的过去分词不表被动，只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，含有动作完成，动作结束之含义。

boiled water

= fallen leaves risen sun

=

water which has boiled

the leaves which have fallen

=

the sun which has risen 3. 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。

1）The books, written by Guo Jingming, are very popular with teenagers. 这些书是郭敬明写的，深受青少年的喜爱。

2）Some of them, born and brought up in rural villages, had never been to Beijing.

他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没过北京. 4. 经典例句

1）The book _written by the farmer (一本农民写的书) is very popular. 2）The building built last year (去年建的楼房) now collapsed in the Wenchuan earthquake. 3）The problem discussed at the meeting yesterday (在昨天会议上讨论的) was very difficult to solve. 4）The window broken by that naughty boy被那个顽皮男孩打破的) is being repaired. 5）The children examined in the hospital yesterday昨天在医院检查的) were seriously ill. 6）The people exposed to the sun (暴露在阳光下的) got sunburnt. 7）The boy punished severely by the teacher (受到老师严厉惩罚的) is now a college student. 8）The water delivered to his home (送到他家的水) carried disease. 9）The English today is quite different from the English spoken in the past 300 years (300年前所说的). 10）Most of the artists invited to the party (被邀请去参加聚会的) were from South Africa. 11）The students inspired by the teacher (受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before. 12）The Olympic Games, __A_ in 776 B.C. did not include women players until 1912. A. first played

B. to be first played

C. first playing

D. to be first playing ①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。

②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。

③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。

first played in 776B.C.

=

which was first played in 776 B.C. 三、综合练习

（一）中文翻译成英文

1、这是老师介绍的书吗？

2、大多数被邀请参加会议的人。

3、被我儿子打破的玻璃已经扫走了。

4、以西湖闻名全国的杭州已发生很大变化。

5、所有打破的窗子都已被修好。

6、秋天地上有许多落叶。

7、我不喜欢去位于市中心的超市购物。

8、三支从警察局偷的枪在这个房子里找到了。

9、完成于19世纪的Town Hall在那个年代是最辉煌的大楼。

10、你参加昨天举行的会议了吗？

（二）英文翻译成中文

1. Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award (“绿色中国年度人物奖”), a title given to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental protection. 2. There have been several new events added to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

3. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well spent.

4. The speaker answered all the questions raised by the audience. 5. Make sentences using the words given.Do you know the boy lying under the big tree? 6. The woman selling vegetables has gone

7. Nine out of ten women interviewed about the product said they liked it. 8. The road was covered with fallen leaves. 9. This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer. 10. We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 11. The telegram sent by my sister brought the news of my dear grandma's death. 12. Let’s try the bookstore opened last month.

参考答案

（一）中译英

1. Is this the book recommended by the teacher?

2. Most of the people invited to the conferencewere my old friends.

3. The glass broken by my son has been swept away.

4. Hangzhou, known to the nation for its West Lake, has changed greatly.

(Hangzhou, which is known to the nation for its West Lake, has changed greatly.) 5. All the broken windows (=All the windows that were broken) have been repaired.

6. In autumn there are many fallen leaves (=many leaves that have fallen) on the ground.

7. I don't like going to supermarkets located in the centre of the town. 8. The three guns stolen from the police stations were found in the house. 9. The Town Hall completed in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. 10. Did you attend the meeting held yesterday ? （二）英译中

略

[来源:学_科_网][来源学。科。网Z。X。X。K]

Unit 2

The United Kingdom 过去分词作宾补用法归纳

一、基本概念

英语中过去分词可作宾补，（此时的过去分词一般是及物动词）表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。

做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。

如：She found the door broken in when she came back.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态。) 二

、用法及意义

1. 过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。

Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time. Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(谚语：少说多看）

Don't leave such an important thing undone. Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.

2．过分词用在get,have,make, 的后面

1）注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况：

A）表"让某人做某事/让某事（被人）做" eg: I have had my bike repaired. The villagers had many trees planted just then. B)表"遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受....影响，蒙受..... 损失" Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month. The old man had his leg broken in the accident. He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986) 3."make+宾语+过去分词",在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：

They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English. I raised my voice to make myself heard. 4.过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如

When we got to school,we saw the door locked. We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops. He felt himself cheated. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000) 5.过去分词用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”这一类动词后面做宾补。如

The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment. I would like my house painted white. I want the suit made to his own measure. I wish the problem settled. 6.过去分词用在“with +宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：

The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden. With everything well arranged,he left the office. 7.过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。

现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时进行。

过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓语动作。

不定式作宾补：

表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。

eg:He didn't notice me waiting. I heard the song sung in English. I saw him opening the window. I saw the window opened. I saw him open the window. I heard her sing the song in English.

三、综合练习

（一）中文翻译成英文

1、他仍然举着手站了一会儿。

2、他们走了，没有一盘菜动过。

3、他今早把墙漆了

4、老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。

5、小偷被带进来了，双手被绑在后面。

6、周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，他的房子看上去就像一座漂亮的花园。

7、作业做完后，他才允许看足球比赛。

8、事情解决完后，我们都回家了。

9、当我们到家时，我们看见们锁着。

10、我们能够听到大雨敲打窗户的声音。

（二）英文翻译成中文

1.They kept the door locked for a long time.

2.Don’t leave the windows broken like this all the time. 3.I have had my bike repaired . 4.The villagers had many trees planted just then. 5.My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month. 6.The old man had his wrist broken in the accident.

7.I must have the work finished before Sunday. 8.I raised my voice to make myself heard. 9.They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English. 10.we will make ourselves understood in one day. 11.He stood on the bench to make himself seen when he made an announcement. 12.The little girl cried out to make herself noticed by the passers-by. 13.I often heard the song sung in English when I was abroad 14.They watched the young man run after by a dog. 15.He felt his face lost before his friends. 16.The teacher wouldn’t like the problem discussed at the moment. 17.My parents expected the entrance examination. well-prepared for by me. 18.With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.

参考答案

（一）中译英

1.He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.

2.He left without a plate touched.

3.He got the wall painted this morning.

4.He found the old man knocked down by a car.

5.The government ,finding the film unhealthy, ordered it banned. 6.The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. 7.With the homework finished, he was allowed to watch the football match. 8.With the matter settled, we all went home. 9.When we got to school, we saw the door locked. 10.We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops. （二）英译中

略

Unit 3

Life in the future Past Participle As the adverbial

过分作状语

Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company …..

Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep. 一、基本概念

1、过去分词作状语：过去分词兼有动词､副词和形容词的特征。过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情况，其等同于一个状语从句。

2、vt 过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完成，vi 过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。

二、掌握过去分词作状语可从以下几个方面考虑。

（一）理清过去分词作状语时与句子的主语的关系

1. 过去分词作状语时，过去分词与主句中的主语形成逻辑上的被动关系，有时也表示动作已完成。

例如：

Seen in the dark night，lights on top of tall buildings look like stars in the sky. (seen表示被动，分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生)

Scolded by the teacher，the girl began to cry.

被老师责怪，女孩哭了起来。(scolded表示被动且动作已完成)

【考例1】____ into use in April 2000，

the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.

A. Put

B. Putting

C. Having put

D. Being put

【解析】选A。主句主语the hotline与put into use逻辑上是被动关系，排除B､C；D项表示正在进行的被动与句子意思不符。所以用过去分词put短语作状语。

2. 有些过去分词已经形成了系表结构，因此他们作状语时与主句的主语之间是逻辑上的主动关系，但仍然用过去分词形式。例如：

Lost in thought, she nearly ran into a tree.

陷入沉思，她差点撞到树上。

[来源学科网]

(lost意为“迷失的”，与逻辑主语连接起来相当于Because she was lost…，作原因状语)与

lost类似的过去分词还有disappointed，

dressed，

determined，

devoted，

tired，

exhausted，

prepared，

seated，

caught等。

【考例2】After his journey from abroad，

Richard Jones returned home，

____.

A. exhausted

B. exhausting

C. being exhausted

D. having exhausted

【解析】选A。exhausted意为“筋疲力尽的”，由过去分词演变成形容词作伴随状语。

二. 注意过去分词作状语时在句中的位置

作状语的过去分词或短语可置于句子的前､后或中间，但是必须用逗号隔开以便与主句分开。

The PE teacher stood in the middle of the playground，

surrounded by a group of students.

那位体育老师站在操场中间，被一群学生围着。(过去分词作伴随状语)

【考例1】

____ by the beauty of nature，

the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.

A. Attracting

B. Attracted

C. To be attracted

D. Having attracted

【解析】选B。句子的主语the girl与attract是动宾关系或说是被动关系，所以要用过去分词短语作状语。

（二）掌握过去分词作状语与状语从句的变换

过去分词作状语在功能上相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间､原因､条件､方式､伴随､让步等。所以经常会遇到过去分词前带有once，

when，

while，

if，

as if，

even if，

though，

unless等连词，我们将这种结构看成在连词与过去分词之间省略了与主句相同的主语和系动词be。例如：

Once published，

this book will be popular with the students.=Once it is published，this book will be popular with the students. 这本书一旦出版，它将会受到学生们的欢迎。(过去分词作时间状语。注：分词前once可省略)

【考例1】____ with the size of the whole earth，

the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

A. Compare

B. When compared

C. Comparing

D. When comparing

【解析】选B。主句中的

the biggest ocean与compare形成逻辑上的被动关系，因此要用过去分词。

【考例2】No matter how frequently ____，

the works of Beethoven still attract people all

over the world.

A. performed

B. performing

C. to be performed

D. being performed

【解析】选A。动词perform与句子的主语the works是动宾关系，故要选过去分词performed，实际上相当于让步状语从句No matter how they are frequently performed，

…。

三、过去分词作状语时的具体用法：

1．过去分词作时间状语相当于一个时间状语从句。例如：

Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, he lowered his head. 当他被问问题的时候,他低下了头。

2．过去分词作原因状语相当于一个原因状语从句。例如：

Frightened (=Because / As she was frightened) by the tiger, the girl didn't dare to sleep alone. 因为害怕老虎, 这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。

3．过去分词作条件状语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：

Grown (If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。

Given (If we were given) more time, we could do it better. 如果给我们更多时间的话，我们可以做得更好。

注意：此句中的given在许多语法书中作为介词处理。

4．过去分词作让步状语相当于一个让步状语从句。例如：

Left (Although he was left) at home, John didn't feel afraid at all. 虽然John被单独留在房间里, 他一点都不害怕。

5．过去分词作状语表示伴随动作或状态。例如：

The teacher entered the classroom, (and he was) followed by a group of students. 老师进入教室，后面跟着一帮学生。

五. 独立主格结构

如果句中过去分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，这时必须在过去分词前加上主格的逻辑主语。这就叫作独立主格结构。例如：

The town seen from the hill，we can see it more clearly.=If the town is seen from the hill，

we can see it more clearly.

如果从山上看这座城市，我们能看得更清楚。

Everything taken into consideration，the party was a success.

将所有的事情考虑在内，晚会算是成功的。

(taken的逻辑主语不是the party，所以添加其真正的主语everything)

【考例1】He sat silently，____.

A. eyes are closed

B. his eyes closing

C. eyes closed

D. eyes to close

【解析】选C。眼睛闭着表示伴随状态，如果只用过去分词closed，则前后逻辑主语不一致，所以在其前面加上eyes作逻辑主语，eyes closed还可用介词with引导，eyes closed=with his eyes closed。

六、综合练习

（一）英文翻译成中文

1.Followed by some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. 2.He stood there silently, moved to tears.

3.Given better attention, the trees could grow better.

4.Sugar, when mixed with water, dissolves quickly.

5.Although tired, I must go on working. 6.You should go to sleep with the light turned off.

7.Without anything left in the kitchen, we decided to eat out. 8.The test finished, we began our holiday.

9.More time given, we should have done it much better.

10.Interested in the interesting book, I finally decided to buy it. （二）中文翻译成英文

1、从山顶上看，我们学校看起来很美。

2、液体被加热会变成气体。

3、在讨论了多次之后, 问题终于解决了。

4、从山上看这个公园非常漂亮。

5、被自然美迷住了，来自伦敦的那个姑娘决定在农场再呆两天。

6、由于在农村出生并长大, 他对生物很感兴趣。

7、再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。

8、如果种在肥沃的土壤里, 这些种子能长得很快。

9、尽管被许多人嘲笑, 他还是继续他的研究。

10、尽管已经爬得筋疲力尽，那位老人决定爬到山顶。

参考答案：

（一）英译中

1、被一些官员跟随着, 拿破仑视察了他的军队。

2、他静静地站在那里, 被感动得热泪盈眶。

3、若管理得好一些，这些树木会生长得更好些。

4、糖与水混合很快就溶解。

5、我虽然累了，但必须继续干。

6、你应该把灯熄了再睡。

7、厨房里没有剩下任何东西，我们决定出去吃。

8、考试结束了, 我们开始放假。

9、如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。

10、对这本有趣的书感兴趣，我最终决定买了它。

（二）英译中

1.Seen from the top of the hill, our school looks beautiful. 2.Heated, liquids can be changed into gases.

3.Discussed (Having been discussed) many times, the problems were settled at last.

6.Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.

5.Attracted by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm. 4.Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 7.Given another chance, he will do better.

8.Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.

9.Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.

10.Exhausted by the climbing, the old man was determined to get to the top of the hill.

Unit 4

Making the news

倒装是一种语法手段，用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要，分为完全倒装和部分倒装。

A．Here comes the car.（全部倒装）

1、全部倒装：只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。

Away went the boy. B.

Never have I seen this kind of car. (部分倒装) 2、部分倒装：be/助动词/情态动词提前到主语的前面。

一.

完全倒装

There goes the bell.

铃响了

Here comes the bus.

公共汽车来了

Away went the boy.

那个男孩走开了。

Out rushed the children.

小孩子冲了出来。

1、

以here, there, now, then等副词或

out, in, up, down, away等表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首以示强调，句子要全部倒装，谓语动词常用come,go, be, lie,run,rush等。

2、

表示地点的介词短语位于句首时

A beautiful lake lies at the foot of the hill

At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake. 注意：在上述句子中，如果主语为人称代词，则主、谓不需要倒装。

In he came and back he went again.

Away he went .

二.

部分倒装

把be/助动词/情态动词提前到主语的前面

Is am are was were（be动词）do does did（助动词）

can could would may will might（情态动词）

等

1、only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时, 要进行部分倒装.

Only then did I realize the importance of learning English. Only after he came back was I able to see him. 注意：only修饰主语，仍用自然语序，如：Only socialism can save China.

I seldom go to the cinema.

倒装：Seldom do I go to the cinema.

我很少去看电影．

I have never seen such a performance.

倒装：Never have I seen such a performance.

我从来没有看过这样的表演．

2、否定副词及介词短语的否定词位于句首时。

高考常考的这类词或词语有：never , not, seldom, hardly, little, nowhere, by no means, in no time等

。

3、not until 引导的从句位于句首引起的主句部分倒装

He didn’t finish his homework until his mother came back.

倒装：Not until his mother came back did he finish his homework.

直到他的妈妈回来，他才完成作业。

The mother didn’t leave the room until the child fell asleep.

倒装：Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 等到孩子睡着了，妈妈才离开房间．

注意：当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。

4、as/ though (虽然，尽管）引导的让步状语从句

名词\形容词\副词\分词+as\though+主语+其他

Although I am ugly, I am gentle. 倒装：Ugly as I am, I am gentle.

Though he is a child, he has to make a living.

倒装：Child as he is, he has to make a living.

注意：从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词

5、用于so nor neither 开头的句子

A、So +be/助动词/情态动词+主语

某人也是如此

Nor/neither +be/助动词/情态动词+主语

某人也不是如此

1)他喜欢读书，我也是．

He likes reading very much. So do I .

2)我从来没有去过广州大学，他也是．

I have never been to Guangzhou University, neither/ nor has he.

Betty is a nice girl. So she is

B、So +主语+be/助动词/情态动词某人确实如此

5、在

hardly/scarcely/…when；

no sooner…than; not only … but also；so...that; such…that 的倒装句中，前倒后不倒. hardly/scarcely/ no sooner后句子的谓语用had done, when/than后句子的谓语

用一般过去时

1) Hardly / Scarcely had he fallen asleep when a loud knock at the door awaked him. 2)

No sooner had I reached the station than train moved.

3) Not only is he interested in football but also he plays it well. 4) So hard does he work that he has made great progress in English. 6、If 虚拟条件从句中.从句有(were/should/had) 1）If I were you, I would work hard. 倒装：Were I you, I would work hard.

2) If it should rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting.

倒装:

Should it rain tomorrow, we would put off our meeting.

3）If he had followed my advice, he would have succeeded.

倒装：Had he followed my advice, he would have succeeded.

7、May置句首，表示祝愿。

May you succeed.祝你成功！

三、综合练习

（一）用括号的句型把下面句子变成倒装句

1. You will see so many seats only at a stadium in Beijing.

(Only…)

2. He only then became aware (意识到) of the dangers of the jungle.

(Only then...) [来源学&科&网]

3. You will be able to write a good report only after you have acquired the information you need. 4. I have seldom seen a situation (情况) which made me so angry. (Seldom…) 5. He gave a lot of presents to his friends, but he has never given one to me.

(Never…)

6. We little realized the dangers that were awaiting us.

(Little…)

7. She is not only good at languages, but also at history and geography. (Not only…)

8. They not only took care of me, but (they) also treated me as if I were their own daughter. 9. His price was so unreasonable that everybody was surprised. (So unreasonable…)

10. I was so scared that I could not even scream. (So scared...) 11. We have so much work to do that we have no time to relax. (So much work…)

12. He didn’t go to bed until 12 o’clock last night. (Not until…)

13. He won’t go to bed until she returns home. (Not until…)

14. I had no sooner entered home than the bell rang. (No sooner…)

15. I had hardly entered home when the bell rang. (Hardly…)

16. If you were to buy a new car, which of these would you choose? (Were...) 17. my parents should need me, I will never let them down. (Should...) 18. If I had told him the truth, he would have been angry. (Had…)

19. Though she is pretty, she is not clever. (Pretty …)[来源学科网ZXXK]

20. Though his idea might sound strange, it was accepted by the people at the meeting. (Strange…)

（二）翻译下列句子。要求：先用正常语序翻译，然后再改写成倒装句。

1.学习做饭不仅使孩子们更加独立，给他们一项基本的生活技能，而且还可以让他们远离垃圾食品。（not only…but also; independent; junk food）

原句：__________________________________________________________________________ 倒装：__________________________________________________________________________ 2.广告不仅让我们了解最新的产品而且还很有娱乐性。（not only…but also; keep sb informed of /about sth; product; entertaining）

原句：__________________________________________________________________________ 倒装：__________________________________________________________________________ 3.直到最后一刻他才告诉我真相。（not…until）

原句：__________________________________________________________________________ 倒装：__________________________________________________________________________ 4.直到失去健康你才会意识到它的重要性。（not…until）

原句：__________________________________________________________________________ 倒装：__________________________________________________________________________ 5.只有用这种方法才能拯救她的生命。（only…）

原句：__________________________________________________________________________ 倒装：__________________________________________________________________________ 6.只有当他们回来时，我才知道发生了什么事。（only）

原句：__________________________________________________________________________ 倒装：__________________________________________________________________________ 7.尽管钱很重要，但它买不来幸福。（though）

原句：__________________________________________________________________________ 倒装：__________________________________________________________________________ 8.我们有如此多的作业要做以至于我们没有时间放松。（so…that; relax）

原句：__________________________________________________________________________ 倒装：__________________________________________________________________________ 9.Emma是如此的迷人以至于所有人的目光都集中在她身上。(so…that; focus one’s eyes on) 原句：__________________________________________________________________________ 倒装：__________________________________________________________________________ 10.汤姆刚到家电话就响了。（hardly…when或者no sooner…than，注意时态）

原句：__________________________________________________________________________ 倒装：__________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案：

1. 改写为：Only at a stadium in Beijing will you see so many seats. 2. 改写为：Only then did he become aware of the dangers of the jungle. 3. 改写为：Only after you have acquired the information you need will you be able to write a …

4. 改写为：Seldom have I seen a situation (情况) which made me so angry 5. 改写为：He gave a lot of presents to his friends, but never has he given one to me

6. 改写为：

Little did we realize the dangers that were awaiting us 7. 改写为：Not only is she good at languages, but also at history and geography. 8. 改写为：Not only did they take care of me, but (they) also treated me as if I were …daughter. 9. 改写为：

So unreasonable was his price that everybody was surprised. 10. 改写为：So scared was I that I could not even scream. 11. 改写为：So much work do we have to do that we have no time to relax 12. 改写为：Not until 12 o’clock did he go to bed last night. 13. 改写为：Not until she returns home will he go to bed. 14. 改写为：No sooner had I entered home than the bell rang 15. 改写为：Hardly had I entered home when the bell rang 16. 改写为：Were you to buy a new car, which of these would you choose? 17. 改写为：Should my parents need me, I will never let them down. 18. 改写为：Had I told him the truth, he would have been angry.

19. 改写为：Pretty as she is, she is not clever. 20改写为：Strange as his idea might sound, it was accepted by the people at the meeting. 翻译答案：

1.Learning cooking not only makes children more independent and gives them a basic life skill, but also keeps them away from junk food. 倒装：Not only does learning cooking make children more independent, …. 2.Advertisements not only keep us informed of the latest products, but (they) also are entertaining. 倒装：Not only do advertisements keep us informed of the latest products,…. 3.He didn’t tell me the truth until the last moment.

倒装：Not until the last moment did he tell me the truth. 4.You won’t realize the importance of health until you lose it.

倒装：Not until you lose it will you realize the importance of health. 5.We could save her life only in this way. 倒装：Only in this way could we save her life. 6.I knew what had happened only when they returned home. 倒装：Only when they returned home did I know what had happened.

7.Though money is very important, it cannot buy happiness. 倒装：Important as/though money is, it cannot buy happiness. 8.We have so much homework to do that we don’t have time to relax.

倒装：So much homework do we have to do that we don’t have time to relax. 9.Emma is so attractive that everyone focuses their eyes on her.

倒装：So attractive is Emma that everyone focuses their eyes on her. 10.Tom had hardly got home when the bell rang. 倒装: Hardly had Tom got home when the bell rang. Tom had no sooner got home than the bell rang. 倒装：No sooner had Tom got home than the bell rang. Unit 5

First aid 句子成分的省略，可分为以下几种情况：为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。

一、状语从句中的省略用法（非谓语动词做状语）

（一）如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式（am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。

1、when，while引导的时间状语从句

e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street.

When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her. 2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句

e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.

I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited.

Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished. 3、though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的让步状语从句

e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.

Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.

No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time.（注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式）

4、as if，as though引导的方式状语从句

e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep.

He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作）

（二）than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时，一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。

e.g. He is taller than his brother (is).

I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him. （三）以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，there is/are。

e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.

If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm. There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any. 二、定语从句中的省略用法

关系词的省略:关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。

e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa.

I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.

三、虚拟语气中if及should的省略

1、

当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形成倒装句。

e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students. 2、

Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。

e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight. 四、不定式符号to的省略

1、

感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定式作宾语时，不定式省略to。(一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch) 2、

do nothing but，can’t help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。

E.g. We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.

Hearing the news, she couldn’t help but cry.

3、

在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。

E.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’t want to.

五、So和not的替代性省略

用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’m afraid等连用

e.g. – Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? – I suppose not. 六、日常交际中的省略

在情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望了解的内容。在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。

e.g. – How many copies do you want?

-- (I want) Three copies, please.

-- Have you ever been to the Great Wall?

-- No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall).