Learning about Language第二课时 公开课

事实还是看法？

什么是事实呢？是不是人们所相信的就是事实呢？不是。事实是任何可以被证实的事。举例来说，中国人口比世界上任何其他一个国家的人口都多，这是可以被证实的，这就是事实。

那么，什么是看法呢？看法是人们相信是真实的，但是未经证实。因此在审判中，看法不是有说服力的证据。举例来说，如果你说“猫作为宠物比狗好”，这就是看法，这个看法可能是正确的，但是它难以被证实。有些人可能不同意这种看法，但是他们也不能证明他们是正确的。

在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。法官并不考虑每个证人的长相如何，也不考虑那个人住在哪里，或者在哪儿工作。他/她关心的只是证人是否提供了真实的信息，这些信息必须是事实而不是看法。这种信息就叫作证据。

Step 1

Read the text and answer the following question.

What's the main idea of the passage？(no more than 10 words) The passage is mainly about the_differences_between_a_fact_and_an_opinion. Step 2

Choose the best answers according to the text.

1．What really is a fact according to the passage? A．It is something that more than one person believes. B．It is something that more than one person has seen or done. C．It is anything that can be proved. D．It is anything that is believed or accepted by most people. 2．China has the largest number of people in the world.________. A．It is a fact

C．It is an evidence

B．It is an opinion

D．All the three 3．A judge must consider the eyewitness'________in a trial.

A．appearance C．opinion

B．job

D．facts 4．How does the writer explain the two terms of “fact” and“opinion”？

A．By giving examples. C．By giving evidence.

B．By giving definitions (定义)．

D．Both A and B.

答案：1～4

CADD

一、这样记单词

记得准·写得对

记得快·记得多

1．painting n．绘画；画

Ⅰ.基础词汇

1.local adj.

本地的；当地的

2.trial n.

审判；审讯；试验

3.sailor n.

水手；海员；船员

4.debate n．&vi.

争论；辩论

5.eyewitness n.

目击者；证人

6.sink vi.

下沉；沉下

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

1.painting n．绘画；画→paint v．油漆；绘画

2.evidence n．根据；证据→evident adj.清楚的；明白的；显而易见的；显然的

3.explode vi.爆炸→explosion n．爆炸

4.entrance n．入口；进入→enter vt.进入

5.informal adj.非正式的→formal(反义词)正式的

[同义]

drawing, oil, picture, portrait [联想]

各种“中国画”的英语名称

①Chinese Painting

中国画

②Chinese Figure Painting

中国人物画

③Chinese Bird-and-flower Painting

中国花鸟画

④Chinese Landscape Painting

中国山水画

2.i→a→u型动词荟萃

①begin→began→begun

②drink→drank→drunk ③ring→rang→rung

④sing→sang→sung ⑤swim→swam→swum

⑥sink→sank→sunk 3.巧记“t→ce”构成的名词

①different→difference

②evident→evidence ③confident→confidence

④important→importance 二、这样记短语

记牢固定短语

1．take_apart

拆开

2．care_about

关心；介意；在乎

3．rather_than

而不是

4．think_highly_of

看重；器重

5．agree_with

同意

多积常用词块

1．at midnight

在午夜

2．the entrance to the mine

煤矿的入口处

3．by the light of the moon

借着月光

4．give one's opinion about

关于……发表某人的观点

6．look_after

照顾；照看

5．second-hand furniture shop

二手家具店

6．for oneself

亲自

三、这样记句式

先背熟

再悟通

后仿用

1.One day he was looking

in a be doing sth. ... second-hand furniture shop

when he ... 一天，他正在一家二手家具店里逛，这时他突然……

2.For example, it can be proved that

China has more people than any other country in the world. 举例来说，中国人口比世界上任何其他一个国家的人口都多，这是可以被证实的。

3.In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.

在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。

4.Nor do I

think they should give it to any government. 我认为他们不应该将它给任何一个政府。

it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。

when ... “正在做某事，这时He was_watching_TV_when there was a power failure. 他正在看电视，这时停电了。

(突然)……”。

It_can_be_proved_that he is fit for the job. 他适合这项工作，这是可以被证实的。

两个“疑问词＋不定式”结构作decide的宾语。

Never_has_he_been_to the United States and Canada. 他从未去过美国和加拿大。

We haven't decided which_topic_to _talk_about. 我们还未决定谈论哪个话题。

否定词置于句首构成的倒装结构。

1．(教材P4)The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it. 老人看到一些德国人拆除并移走了琥珀屋。

take apart 拆开

①He took

a radio apart yesterday but didn't know how to put it together again. 昨天他把一台收音机拆开了，但不知道怎么把它再装起来。

②The twins look so much alike that I can't tell_them_apart.

这对双胞胎看上去这么像，以至于我无法区分他们。

③Apart_from being too large, the trousers don't suit me. 这条裤子不但太大，而且我穿着也不合适。

2．(教材P5)So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial. 因此在审判中，看法不是有说服力的证据。

evidence n．[U，C]证据；根据；证明

(1)There is some/no evidence that ...

in evidence

(2)evident adj.

It's evident that ...

evidently adv.

有/没有证据证明……

显眼；显而易见

明显的；明白的

很明显……

显然；明显地；清楚地

①There's some evidence that outdoor activities are good for us. 有证据证明，户外活动对我们有好处。

②At present we have no evidence (evident) of life on other planets.

目前我们没有在其他行星上存在生命的证据。

③It_is_evident_that his house was completely destroyed in the earthquake. 很明显，他的房子在地震中被彻底摧毁了。

3．(教材P5)He/She only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts

rather than opinions. 他/她关心的只是证人是否提供了真实的信息，这些信息必须是事实而不是看法。

rather than是……而不是；与其……倒不如

(1)rather than 连接两个并列成分，意为“而不是”

(2)rather than 连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致

①We will have the meeting in the classroom

rather than in the great hall. 我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。

②The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.

与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。

③You rather than I are (be) going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去野营。

[名师点津]

would do ... rather than do ...宁愿做……would rather do ... than do ...

也不愿做……prefer to do ... rather than do ...4．(教材P5)In April 1945 I heard something explode at midnight. 在1945年4月，半夜里我听到有东西爆炸。

explode vi.爆炸

(1)explode with

explode with laughter/anger

(2)explosion n.

爆炸

①The bomb exploded, causing a lot of damage. 炸弹爆炸了，造成巨大损失。

②On seeing his funny expression, we all exploded_with_laughter. 一看到他滑稽的表情，我们都一下子大笑起来。

③If the gas pipe explodes,_the explosion may do great damage to the buildings around.(explode) 如果管道发生爆炸，爆炸会对周围的楼房造成极大损害。

5．(教材P5)To my surprise the entrance to the mine was closed. 令我惊讶的是，通往矿井的入口被关闭了。

entrance n．入口

(1)the entrance to

the college entrance examinations

(2)enter vi.

exit n.

the exit of＋地点

＋地点

……的入口

大学入学考试

进入

出口

……的出口

突然……

哄堂大笑/勃然大怒

①In return, the local people gave the foreign guests a warm reception at the main entrance. 作为报答，当地人在正门给外宾热情的接待。

②I'll wait for you at the entrance to the zoo tomorrow. 明天我会在动物园的入口处等你。

③He passed the_college_entrance_examinations,_which made his parents very proud.

他通过了大学入学考试，这使他父母非常自豪。

6．(教材P6)On the voyage, the ship was attacked and sank. 在航海中，船遭到袭击，沉没了。

sink vi.下沉；沉下；坐下(sank; sunk) sink into

sink back

sink to

渗入；陷入；沉入；进入

重重地往后坐下

沉到

①It will take a little time for the rain to sink into the dry earth. 要使雨水渗入干土需要一些时间。

②With his problem settled, he sank back into his comfortable chair with relief. 他的问题解决之后，他如释重负地坐到他那把舒适的椅子上。

③On its first voyage, the big ship hit an iceberg and then sank_to the bottom of the sea. 在第一次航行时，这艘大船撞上了冰山，然后沉到了海底。

7．(教材P7)I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room. 我很看重那些寻找琥珀屋的人们。

think highly of 看重；器重；对……评价高

think much/well of ...(＝think highly of ...)

think ill/poorly/badly of

think nothing of ...

看重；器重；对……评价高

认为……不好

不重视；认为……不足为奇

①Judging from his expression, he doesn't think highly of your plan. 从他的表情判断，他对你的计划评价不高。

②He often tells lies, which makes others think_ill/poorly/badly_of_him. 他经常撒谎，这使得别人看不起他。

③As far as I know, the young man is_highly_thought_of in his company. 据我所知，这个年轻人在公司里很受器重。

[名师点津]

当think highly/well/much of ... 用于被动语态结构时，副词应放于其修饰的动词前，即be highly/well/much thought of。

8．(教材P7)Read the following tips for organizing an informal class debate. 阅读下面关于组织一场非正式的班级辩论赛的建议。

debate vt.&vi.讨论；辩论

n．讨论；辩论

(1)have a debate on/about/over sth. under debate

a heated/lively debate

进行一场关于某事的辩论/讨论

在辩论/讨论中

一场激烈的/热烈的争论

beyond/without debate

(2)debate with sb.about/on ...

无可争论

就……与某人辩论

①After a heated debate, we all agreed on the plan. 经过一场激烈的辩论，我们就这一计划达成一致意见。

②Even though the law is under_debate now, it will be passed soon. 尽管这部法律仍在讨论中，但是它将很快被通过。

③We must debate the question with the rest of the members. 我们必须和其他成员讨论这个问题。

1．For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. 举例来说，中国人口比世界上任何其他一个国家的人口都多，这是可以被证实的。

“it can be proved that ...”结构中的it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语，叫作主语从句，其中that没有实际意义，只起引导作用。

①It can be proved that what he has said is not true. 他所说的并不是真的，这可以得到证实。

②It_is_widely_believed_that China will certainly play a more and more important part in the world. 人们普遍认为中国将肯定会在世界上发挥越来越重要的作用。

③It_is_a_pity_that she has made such a mistake. 她犯下这样的错误，真是遗憾。

④It_is_said_that he has spent the whole day decorating his sitting room. 据说他一整天忙于装饰客厅。

2．In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.

在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。

which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe是两个带疑问代词which的动词不定式短语，作decide的宾语，相当于一个宾语从句。该结构可以作主语、宾语和表语。

①The experts are debating how to solve

the mystery of the Amber Room's disappearance. 专家们正在讨论如何解开琥珀屋消失之谜。

②When to_go (go) out for a picnic has not been decided. 什么时候外出野餐还没有定下来。

③Have you decided where to_spend (spend) your holiday? 你们决定到哪里去度假了吗？

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The employee you have been think highly (high) of proves dishonest.

2. It can be proved that he is a generous and warm-hearted man. 3．The entrance to the meeting room has already been closed. 4．There is a lot of evidence (evident) to prove that smoking has a bad effect on our lungs. 5．A bomb exploded (explode) suddenly by the roadside and destroyed his car. 6．To be honest, I'm at a loss how to_settle (settle) the problem. 7．He rather than you is (be) to have a talk with the stranger. 8．The kids watched as the coin sank to the bottom of the pool. Ⅱ.补全句子

1．You should take_this_computer_apart (把电脑拆开) to see what is wrong with it. 2．It_can_be_easily_proved_that (很容易被证明) nothing is more precious than time. 3．I'm thinking what_to_do_next (接下来要做什么)．

4．Mr Green is very generous to us, so all of us think_highly_of_him (对他评价高)．

5．We are_having_a_heated_debate (正在进行激烈的辩论) on the question till late into the night. 6．I prefer_to_work_rather_than_sit_there/would_work_rather_than_sit_there/would_rather work_than_sit_there

(宁愿工作而不愿坐在那里) doing nothing.

一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高[本课语言点针对练习]

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．The bomb was ready to explode (爆炸) during the rush hour. 2．It's an informal (非正式的) party, so you can wear jeans tonight. 3．The ship sank (下沉) to the bottom of the sea because of the storm. 4．The judge called in several eyewitnesses (目击者) to the killing. 5．In order to hide the treasures, they put a lot of huge stones at the entrance (入口) to the cave. 6．Her hobbies include music and painting (绘画)．

7．Throughout the trial (审判), he kept silent, which made others feel strange. 8．Our children go to the local (本地的) schools. 9．In evidence (证据；明显) we have made great progress these years. 10．There is always a debate (辩论) about whether students should use cellphones or not at school. Ⅱ.补全句子

1．It_is_proved_that (据证实)

the little boy hasn't told lies. 2．There_was_no_evidence_that (没有证据证明) they had stolen the jewels. 3．Guests have_free_entrance_to_the_swimming_pool

(可以免费进入游泳池)

and the health club. 4．The students, rather_than_their_teacher (而不是他们的老师), are going to have a picnic this weekend. 5．He is hard to get along with if you don't agree_with__him (同意他)．

6．If you think_highly_of_the_film (对这部电影评价高) you may encourage other people to go and see it. 7．If Joe's wife doesn't

go to the party, nor/neither_will_he (他也不去)．

8．They haven't decided when_to_hold_the_debate (什么时候举行辩论)．

[本单元语言点温故练习]

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The blackboard was_decorated (decorate) with beautiful words, which read “Happy Teachers' Day！”

2．The painting (paint) attracted his attention, which helped him develop an interest in drawing pictures. 3．You had better have the car repaired (repair) or it'll get you into trouble.

4．The room, full of wooden (wood) furniture, is used for receiving the guests from China. 5．He was born blind, but that didn't stop him from becoming a successful artist (art)．

6．Because of the terrible fire, all the valuable(value) things in the museum were destroyed. 7．To prove that he is innocent, some new evidence (evident) is needed. 8．At the entrance (enter) to the building, many people are waiting there now.

9．—The worker our manager is always thinking highly of saved the little boy. —He is really brave.

10．He told us whether to_have (have) a picnic was still under discussion. Ⅱ.选词填空

take apart，

less than，

think highly of，

agree with，

at war，

be designed for，

in return，

belong to

1．He spoke highly of her; but he did not think_highly_of_ her writing. 2．Not everyone agrees_with me, but everyone knows white pollution is becoming a serious problem. 3．The machine has already been taken_apart in order to be transported to Beijing. 4．It took the police less_than two hours to find out the murderer. 5．Smile at others, and you are sure to get a smile in_return. 6．The house belongs_to my aunt, but she doesn't live here any more. 7．These classes are_designed_for both new and experienced music lovers. 8．During the Second World War Germany was at_war_ with almost all the other countries in the world. Ⅲ.多维演练

1．doubt

(1)用whether/if/that填空

①There is some doubt among the people whether John will attend the party. ②I have no doubt that Tom will win the game. ③I do doubt whether/if he will come tomorrow. ④I don't doubt that the optimistic girl will not give in to any difficulty. (2)补全句子

There_is_no_doubt_that China is making great progress in many fields. 毫无疑问中国在许多领域正取得重大进展。

2．have的相关结构

用所给词的适当形式填空

①The old lady had her foot hurt (hurt) when she cleaned her house. ②To finish the task on time, the workers had the machine working (work) all day. ③The teacher has his students complete (complete) a lot of practice every evening. ④The young man had his legs injured (injure) in the accident yesterday. ⑤His mother had much housework to_do (do) that day, so she had him paint (paint) the wall for her. 3．think highly of

(1)用所给词的适当形式填空

①The man does well in his work and is highly (high) thought of by his boss. ②The boy doesn't want to share his toys with others, and they think poorly (poor) of him. (2)补全句子

People will think_highly_of_you_for your honesty and courage after hearing of your deeds.

听说你的事迹后人们会很欣赏你的诚实与勇气。

二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.阅读理解

Look around the walls of your classroom. Do you see pictures or paintings? Most of the art on show was probably created by yourself and your classmates, using imagination and your own hands. Each year in Toronto thousands of school children make the best use of their imaginations and their creative abilities in workshops provided by an organization called the Inner City Angels. These children work directly with professional (专业的) artists on different art programs. Natalie McHaffie is one of the many professional artists who work with the Inner City Angels.“My purpose is to teach the children about design，”

she says.“Once they learn how to put things together, they can use that knowledge for other things they may want to do, such as making a kite or designing a house.”

Recently Ms. McHaffie worked with 16 children at St. Bernard School to create a wall painting in the hallway leading to the kindergarten classroom. Together they designed and did the wall painting during one school week. When Ms. McHaffie first met the student artists, she told them, “We must do a painting that will not only please the kindergarten kids but will also offer them information.”

Each of the 16 students was asked to imagine and draw ideas for the painting. After discussing the different ideas together, they chose the theme (主题) “The Four Seasons.”

Finishing the painting, four of the student artists had something to say about their experience. Alfea: “You learn more when you do it yourself. As you go along you keep finding out things you didn't know before.”

Mauro: “I like working in

a group because you get more done than if you work alone.”

Paolo: “It's been fun working in a group, not the same kind of exciting fun as when you're playing basketball. When you do art, it makes you feel peaceful.”

Paulina: “You can learn from working with

the other kids. By talking to each other you can find ways to do things.”

语篇解读：本文是记叙文。多伦多的学生每年都有机会和职业艺术家合作，共同描绘美丽

画卷。

1．Each year, thousands of school children in Toronto________. A．join the Inner City Angels B．take part in the city's art programs C．take art classes in different workshops D．create paintings on the walls of their classrooms

解析：选B

细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Each year in Toronto thousands of school children”和“These children work directly with professional (专业的) artists on different art programs.”可知，每年都有成千上万的学生参加多伦多的艺术项目。

2．Ms. McHaffie hopes the children________. A．will understand the importance of design B．can design a house of their own some day C．will start learning easy things such as making a kite D．can spread knowledge of how to put things together 解析：选A

推理判断题。根据第三段中Natalie McHaffie说的“My purpose is to teach the children about design”和“they can use that knowledge for other things they may want to do”可推测，她认为如何设计很重要，因此也希望孩子们理解设计的重要性。

3．What was the task of the sixteen students? A．Collecting paintings at St. Bernard School. B．Playing with the kindergarten kids. C．Designing a classroom. D．Painting on a wall. 解析：选D

细节理解题。根据第四段中的“16 children at St. Bernard School to create a wall painting”可知，这16名学生的任务是创作一幅壁画。

4．We can infer from the text that all the four student artists________. A．enjoyed the peace of their work B．learned quite a lot from their work C．said something good about each other D．realized the advantages of group work 解析：选B

推理判断题。根据最后四段中的开头语可知，这四名学生都从这次的工作中受益匪浅。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

Even if you think that your parents are mean-spirited at times, loving your parents is a normal and fulfilling part of life. You love them for the fact that they created you, raised you, and are in part a source of who you are. Here are some ways to love your parents. __1__ A gentle “Good morning” and “I love you” will warm a coldest heart. Remember that they brought you into this world. Without your parents, we might still wander at an unknown corner in an unknown world. Respect them more and cherish these moments. You can use these moments to learn from them when you're off on your own. It's OK to get angry but angry actions don't

help you or your parents. Act calmly, cool off, or talk to a friend. __2__ Obey their requests. It will make your attitude better and earn you more respect from them.

It may seem that you are going through hell (痛苦) when you don't get what you want. However, you had better remember they keep a roof over your head when it's cold, raining, snowing, or too hot. Understand that parents are human beings and make mistakes. __3__ Since you can forgive your friends, why not forgive your parents? Keep company with them. Do things with your parents like watching TV, or go somewhere with them. __4__ Listen to their old stories and learn from them.

You will find they are your teachers in this way or another. Some people simply may not be able to love their parents. __5__ Seek help if you are being abused in any way. Parents do not have a right to harm you. A．Forgiveness is the key. B．Tell them you love them every morning. C．Parents will in turn express their love to you. D．After this, share your feelings with your parents. E．Anyway, spend as much time with them as you can. F．Please remember parents are as important as friends. G．There can be realistic reasons for this, family violence for example. 语篇解读：也许你的父母在你的心目中并不完美，有这样那样的缺点和不足，但是，毕竟他们养育了你，也曾为你撑起一方无风无雨的天空。所以，一定要学会爱你的父母！

1．选B

根据下文“A gentle ‘Good morning’ and ‘I love you’”可知，此处建议读者每天早晨向父母表达你对他们的爱。

2．选D

上文介绍了一些处理愤怒等不良情绪的办法，最终，作者建议我们要向父母倾诉我们的情感。

3．选A

根据下文“Since you can forgive your friends, why not forgive your parents？”可知，此处建议要学会原谅父母的错误，因为他们也是普通人。

4．选E

根据上下文语境以及该段的主题句“Keep company with them.”可知，作者建议读者要尽可能多和父母待在一起。

5．选G

根据上下文语境可知，有些人对自己的父母爱不起来，是因为有一些客观的理由，比如家庭暴力，下文的“if you are being abused”是关键信息。