Learning about Language课堂实录【1】

学员编号：

学员姓名：

年 级：高二

辅导科目：英语

C（非谓语动词作状语，定语和补语）

授课日期及时段

课

时

数：3 学科教师:

授课类型

C(非谓语动词作主语、宾语、表语)

C(易混点解析)

一、引入

考情介绍：介绍近几年考点的分布及数量

二、专题讲解

热点考向 1 非谓语动词作状语

1. 主要考点：（1）不定式作状语。不定式作状语通常表示：(a)原因

(多用在某些表示喜、怒、哀、乐等的形容词后)；(b)目的 (可用so as to/in order to替换，但so as to一般不可置于句首)；(c)结果(常表意想不到的结果，常为only to do)。

①We were very excited to hear the news. (原因) ②To get there on time I got up very early. (目的) ③He rushed to school only to find there was nobody there. (结果) （2）分词作状语。

①现在分词作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知该做什么，他去找他父母帮忙。

②过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。

③部分过去分词来源于系表结构，作状语时不表示被动关系，其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有：seated（坐着的）、hidden（躲着）、stationed（驻扎）、lost/absorbed in（沉溺于）、

born in（出身于）、dressed in（穿着）、tired of（厌烦了）等。

Lost/Absorbed in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.

因为沉溺于思考中，他没有听到那个声音。

2. 突破技巧：

（1）把握前后主语一致性，区别现在分词与过去分词；

（2）不定式作结果状语为意想不到的结果；分词作结果状语为顺理成章的结果。

【真题变式】用动词的适当形式完成句子

（全国卷Ⅱ）Tony lent me the money, ______（hope）

that I’d do as much for him.

托尼把钱借给我，希望我也会为他做同样多的事情。 热点考向 2 非谓语动词作定语

1. 主要考点：不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词作定语以及区别。

2. 突破技巧：

（1）把握不定式表示未来，动名词作定语表示用途，现在分词表示主动和进行，过去分词表示被动和完成；

（2）注意不定式to be done形式、过去分词和现在分词being done形式作定语的区别。

【真题变式】翻译下面句子

（2012·江西高考）John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter offering him it. ________________________________________________________________ 热点考向 3 非谓语动词作补语

1. 主要考点：

常见的需接非谓语动词作补语的结构：

（1）“5看2听1感觉”的感官动词

“5看”包括see，watch，observe，notice，look at “2听”包括hear，listen to “1感觉”包括feel （2）make，have，get等使役动词后

（3）特殊动词、词组、句型：

①leave，catch，keep，find ②advise/allow/ask等动词+sb. to do sth. ③Sb. +be said to do sth. 中的不定式作补语。

2. 突破技巧：

（1）注意作补语的三种形式（to） do/doing/done形式之间的区别。把握动作的主动、进行和被动；

（2）注意宾语补足语与主语补足语的区别；

（3）把握补语一般由不定式表示未来（不用to的不定式表示动作全过程）；现在分词表示进行、过去分词表示被动、完成。

【真题变式】用动词的适当形式完成句子

（四川高考）I looked up and noticed a snake _______ （wind）its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.

三、专题练习

1. （安徽高考）______ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.

A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded 2. （北京高考）______ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found 3. （湖南高考）The sun began to rise in the sky, ______ the mountain in golden light. A. bathed B. bathing C. to have bathed D. having bathed 4. （湖南高考）______ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it. A. Staying B. Stayed C. To stay D. Stay 5. （北京高考）Volunteering gives you a chance ______ lives, including your own. A. change B. changing C. changed D. to change

6. （江苏高考）Lionel Messi, ______ the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe. A. set B. setting C. to set D. having set 7. （辽宁高考）Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail ______ for her. A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. was waiting 8. （新课标全国卷Ⅰ）They might just have a place ______ on the writing course—why don’t you give it a try?

A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave 9. （山东高考）The room is empty except for a bookshelf ______ in the corner. A. standing B. to stand C. stands D. stood 10. （北京高考）When we saw the road ______ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked 11. （陕西高考）Let those in need ______ that we will go all out to help them. A. to understand B. understand C. understanding D. understood 12. （江苏高考）Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ______ to ruins, the city took on a new look. A. reducing B. reduced C. being reduced D. having reduced 16. （宁波模拟）Most of us manage our physical health better than our emotional health, ______ problems to cause real harm. A. left B. leaving C. to leave D. having left 17. Brendan hurriedly got to the airport, only ______ the plane had taken off. A. to find B. to finding

C. to be finding D. to have found 18.______ the good results of the exam, he jumped with joy, ______ with a smile on his face. A. Heard; satisfied B. On hearing; satisfying

C. Hearing; satisfied D. Hearing; being satisfied 19. （杭州模拟）The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.

A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed 20. This is the first time that Apple has changed the size of the iPhone’s display, ______ 4 inches since the original one was released in 2007. A. measured B. measures C. measure D. measuring 21. （宁波模拟）In the reading room, we found him ______ at a desk, with his attention ______ on a book．

A. sitting; fixing B. to sit; fixed C. seating; fixing D. seated; fixed 22. （温州模拟）Our director is out. I’ll have her ______ you on the matter when she’s back.

A. to contact B. contacting C. contact D. contacted

四、小结

一、复习回顾

二、专题讲解

热点考向 4 非谓语动词作宾语

1. 主要考点：

（1）只能跟不定式作宾语的动词，常见的有：

碰巧希望作决定（happen, hope/wish, decide）；

准备同意和答应（prepare, agree, promise）；

假装没能安排好（pretend, fail, arrange/plan)；

学会拒绝难提供(learn, refuse, offer)；

决心设法想得分(determine, manage, intend/expect/want)；

一往无前任我行。

（2）只能跟动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有

否认错过避逃亡(deny, miss, avoid, escape)；

承认推迟被禁止(admit, delay, forbid)；

考虑建议准完成(consider, suggest, finish)；

介意冒险乱想象 (mind, risk, imagine)；

答应继续去训练(allow/permit, keep, practise)；

设想原谅得欣赏(fancy, excuse/pardon, enjoy/appreciate)。

（3）特殊动词及短语跟不定式与动名词作宾语的不同

动词

remember forget try regret mean can’t help

go on stop 接动名词作宾语

记得曾做过某事

忘记曾做过某事

尝试做某事

对做过的事表示后悔

意味着做某事

禁不住做某事

继续做未完成的事

中断正在做的事

接不定式作宾语

记得要做某事

忘记要做某事

努力做某事

对要做的事表示遗憾

企图(打算)做某事

不能帮助做某事

做完一件事后, 接着做另一件事

中断正在做的事, 去做别的事

（4）动词allow，advise，permit，forbid后面不出现宾语时直接跟动名词作宾语

I allowed going to the park. 我准许去公园。（没有明确宾语）

（5）动词need，want，require主语为物时后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意思，相当于不定式的被动形式，在句子中均为宾语

The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned. 窗子需要擦了。（意思为被动）

2. 突破技巧：（1）牢记口诀，记熟用法；（2）把握特殊词【真题变式】用动词的适当形式填空

（2012·安徽高考）I remembered ______（lock）the door before I left the office,

but forgot to turn off the lights. 热点考向 5 非谓语动词作主语、表语及独立主格结构

1. 主要考点：

（1）动名词与不定式作主语：

动名词表示泛指、抽象、反复、习惯；不定式表示具体、一次、打算、未做的动作。

It’s no use crying over spilt milk. （规律性）覆水难收。

To go swimming this night is my opinion. （具体、未做）我的建议是今天晚上去游泳。

（2）现在分词、过去分词、不定式、动名词作表语： 现在分词作表语，表示主语的特征，意思“令人……”，一般是物作主语；过去分词作表语说明主语的心理状态，主语是承受者，表示的是被动。动名词、不定式作表语与作主语是一样的，可以表语、主语互换。

Teaching is my job. =My job is teaching. （3）独立主格结构中的分词和不定式

如果分词作状语的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，要在分词前面加上它自己的主语，这种结构叫独立主格结构，其作用相当于状语从句或定语从句；有时也用with复合结构（with+宾语+宾语补足语）作状语。 The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn’t know what to say.

女孩两眼望着他，他不知道说什么好。 The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决，质量已经提高了。 He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。 2. 突破技巧：

（1）分析句子的主谓语是否一致，如果不一致就可以用独立主格结构；

（2）弄清独立结构中宾语与后面补语的关系，然后用相应的形式，尤其是不定式和分词形式。

【真题变式】用动词的适当形式填空 （陕西高考）If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _______（meet）an even greater challenge. The party will be held in the garden, weather permitting. 【参考答案】The party will be held in the garden, weather ______. A. permitting B. permits C. permitted D. to permit

三、专题练习

1. （福建高考）______ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies. A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known 2. （浙江高考）______ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing 3. （重庆高考）The engine just won’t start. Something seems ______ wrong with it.

A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 4. （杭州模拟） I can hardly imagine the difficulty she had ______ enough evidence to prove that she was innocent. A. collected B. to collect C. to have collected D. collecting 5. Global warming has led to many rivers and lakes ______ these years. A. drying off B. drying up C. to dry off D. to dry up 6.______ merely on what the average is, and you’ll remain average.

A. Focusing B. Focused

C. Focus yourself D. If you are focused

四、小结

一、复习回顾

二、专题精讲

易错点 1 误用逻辑主语

（母题）To rescue the villagers in Ya’an in time, ______ for them.

A. the army brought a lot of food B. a lot of food was brought C. the villagers got a lot of food D. the villagers brought a lot of food （变式）The army brought a lot of food for them, ______ the villagers in Ya’an in time.

A. rescuing B. to rescue C. rescued D. being rescued 【误区点拨】

把握前后主语的逻辑关系，防止前后主语不搭配，动作发出者有矛盾的现象。 易错点 2 误用分词被动形式

（母题）Pressed from his parents, and ______ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized （变式）______ from his parents, and realizing that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.

A. Being pressed B. Pressing C. To press D. Pressed 【误区点拨】

①正确分析主谓关系；

②辨析过去分词表示“被动、完成”；现在分词的进行时表示“主动、进行”的区别。

三、专题练习

1. (浙江高考)“It’ s such a nice place, ”Mother said as she sat at the table

for customers. A. to be reserved

B. having reserved C. reserving D. reserved 2. (北京高考)When we saw the road

with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A. block C. blocking B. to block D. blocked 3. (四川高考)Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car

. A. washed C. washing B. wash D. to wash 4. (湖南高考)Time,

correctly, is money in the bank. A. to use

B. used

C. using

D. use 5. (北京高考)

with care, one tin will last for six weeks. A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use 6. (辽宁高考)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog

them. A. to follow C. followed B. following D. follows 7. (兰州模拟)Fireworks,

of gun powder or flash powder

in a tight paper tube, make the big flash or boom effect. A. consisting; wrapping B. consisting; wrapped C. consisted; wrapped D. being consisted; wrapped

8. (兖州模拟)—How about the party

at Mary’ s house?

—Wonderful! Everyone had a good time. A. holding C. being held B. to hold D. held 9. (湖州模拟)Studies show that students

to too much pressure tend to develop mental problems. A. exposing C. to expose B. being exposed D. exposed 10. (上饶模拟)I wish that the elderly would live in comfort without worry or health problems in the years

. A. left B. leaving C. to leave D. being left 11. (成都模拟)Friends are like leaves,

everywhere, but true friends are like diamonds, precious and rare. A. to find C. found B. finding D. being found 12. (西安模拟)If you go to Xi’ an, you will find the places there more magnificent than commonly

. A. supposing C. to suppose B. supposed D. suppose 13. —I don’ t think it’ s

to the ceiling very securely. —Don’ t worry. It won’ t

. A. fixing; drop B. fixed; drop C. fixing; be dropped D. fixed; be dropped 14. (杭州模拟)—You may make more mistakes if your paper is left

. —Thanks a lot. And would you give me some advice on how to polish it? A. being unchecked C. to check B. to be unchecked D. unchecked 15. (天津模拟)Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues

with her stories. A. amused C. to amuse B. amusing D. to be amused 16. (嘉兴模拟)By the age of two, Heidi could count to 40, draw pictures of people, and read books

for seven-year-olds. A. meaning B. meant

C. being meant D. to mean 17. (北京模拟)Some seemingly harmless blogs might become harmful when

on the Internet by millions of people. A. to read B. reading C. read D. being read 18. (天津模拟)

such a warm Sunday, my family decided to pay a visit to the seaside. A. It being C. It been B. Being D. It was 19. (石家庄模拟)Mary received an invitation to the Christmas party, but with her homework

, she refused it unwillingly. A. unfinished B. unfinishing D. was unfinished C. having unfinished 20. With big handbags

a key fashion accessory for working women, health experts are warning they can also become a key health concern. A. become C. to become B. became D. becoming 21.

too much for his intelligence, Harry often overlooks the importance of effort. A. Praised C. Praising B. Having praised D. Being praised 22. Experts say this explains why drugs

to treat one form of breast cancer may not work to cure another form. A. to use B. using C. used D. use 23.

more tourists, travel agencies from both China and the DPRK have developed a package of new products. A. Attracting C. To attract B. Attracted D. Having attracted 四、小结

课后作业

1.

how to hold the party for several days,the children finally reached an agreement. A.Discussed C.To discuss

B.Discussing D.Having discussed 2.(海宁模拟)Leaning against the sofa in the living room,

up at me,is a little brown girl,pretty in pink. A.looks C.to look

B.looking

D.looked 3.Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients don’t take medicine

. A.like directed

C.as directed

B.to be directed D.so that directed 4.(温州模拟)

about their choice of major,most first-year college students feel much stressed. A.Having worried C.Worry

B.Worried

D.To worry 5.(天津模拟)In college,Spring Break is usually associated with the beach,parties and sleepless

nights,

about relaxation and free time. A.bring

B.brought

C.bringing

D.to bring 6.(上海模拟)The media center for the 18th CPC national congress launched its official website

service to both domestic and overseas press and readers. A.being offered

C.having offered

B.offered D.to offer 7.(原创)Chinese writer Mo Yan,

the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature,is making headline news in China. A.won

C.to win

B.winning D.being won 8.A special dance

Gangnam Style has raised a worldwide storm nowadays. A.calling C.called

B.being called D.to be called 9.(福州模拟)Every year,nearly 270 million pounds of grapes arrive in California,most of them

from Chile to the Port of Los Angeles. A.are shipped C.shipping

B.is shipped

D.shipped 10.I’m calling to enquire about the position

in today’s China Daily. A.advertised

B.to be advertised C.having advertised D.advertising 11.(海口模拟)The report indicated that 45% of students were in jobs not

specific qualifications. A.requiring

B.to be required

C.being required

D.to have required 12.(嘉兴模拟)When a person is absent-minded,he is likely to miss key information

on to him. A.passing

B.passed C.having passed D.been passed 13.During the opening ceremony,“Miss smile”has won the hearts of Chinese Internet users after being caught

up the same smile for nearly 20 minutes. A.kept

B.keeping

C.to be kept

D.to keep 14.The guests left most of the dishes

,because they did not taste delicious. A.untouched

B.to be untouched C.being untouched D.untouching 15.(兰州模拟)Hearing the 2012 London Olympic Games

,all the people in the world burst into cheers. A.declared to be opened B.declaring to be opened C.declared open D.declaring open 16.(西安模拟)

the room,the nurse found the tape recorder

. A.Entering;stealing B.Entering;gone C.To have entered;being stolen D.Having entered;to be stolen 17.—I think we can’t repair the damaged car in the small town.

—We are considering

to Beijing to have it repaired. A.to go

B.going C.to have gone

D.having gone 18.(包头模拟)—What’s it that cost him the job?

—

experience.He was always very nervous. A.Lacked C.Lacking

B.Being lacked D.To be lacked 19.With lots of trees and flowers

here and there,our campus looks very beautiful. A.planted

B.are planted C.to be planted

D.planting 20.I won’t drive my car at this time tomorrow.

in a heavy traffic jam is really too bad. A.Stuck

B.Having stuck D.To stick C.Being stuck

答案解析

1.【解析】选D。考查现在分词的完成式作时间状语。句意:几天来讨论了如何举办聚会,孩子们最后达成了协议。孩子们是“讨论”动作的发出者并且在达成协议前完成。

2.【解析】选B。考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意:斜靠着起居室的沙发,抬头盯着我看的是一个棕色皮肤的小女孩,穿着粉红色的衣服。此处looking up at...为leaning的伴随状语,整个句子为表语提前的倒装句式。

3.【解析】选C。考查省略句中的过去分词。句意:医生已经说过多达50%的病人不按照医嘱服药。as directed=as they are directed by doctors,意思是“按照医生的指导”。

4.【解析】选B。考查过去分词作原因状语。句意:由于担心专业选择,大多数大一新生都感到压力很大。worry意思为“令人担心”与主语为动宾关系,故用过去分词。

5.【解析】选C。考查现在分词作结果状语。句意:在大学,春假通常与海滩、舞会、不眠之夜联系在一起,结果带来了休闲和空余时间。根据前后句子意思可知后面句子“休闲、空余时间”为结果,故用现在分词作结果状语。

6.【解析】选D。考查不定式作目的状语。句意:为了向国内外读者和新闻记者提供服务,十八大新闻中心创办了一个官方网站。根据语境“创办网站”的目的可知此处用不定式在此作目的状语,故答案为D。

7.【解析】选B。考查现在分词作定语。句意:获得2012年诺贝尔文学奖的中国作家莫言在中国成了头条新闻。根据句意以及中心词Mo Yan与动词win的主谓关系推知用现在分词作定语修饰Mo Yan,故答案为B。

8.【解析】选C。考查过去分词作定语。句意:被称为《江南Style》的一种特殊舞蹈现在已经在全世界刮起了一阵风暴。“舞蹈”与“称作”为被动关系,故答案用过去分词。

9.【解析】选D。考查非谓语动词。句意:每年大约有2亿7千万磅的葡萄运到加利福尼亚,其中大部分是从智利运到洛杉矶港口的。此句为独立主格结构作状语,most of them与ship之间是被动关系,故用过去分词。此题易误选A,若选A,两个句子之间缺少连词。

10.【解析】选A。考查过去分词作定语。句意:我正在打电话询问在今天的《中国日报》上刊登的职位。此处“被刊登”修饰position,作定语,两者关系为动宾,故用过去分词,答案为A。to be advertised为不定式的被动形式,表示未来。

11.【解析】选A。考查动词-ing作定语。句意:报告表明45%的学生从事不需要专业资格的工作。require所修饰的名词是jobs,它们之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,因此用现在分词形式作定语。

12.【解析】选B。考查过去分词作定语。句意:当一个人心不在焉的时候,他可能会错过传递给他的关键信息。此处“信息”与“传递”为动宾关系,故用过去分词作定语修饰。

13.【解析】选B。考查现在分词作补语。句意:在开幕式上,被发现一直保持相同的微笑近20分钟的“微笑姐”已经赢得了中国网民的心。此处为be caught doing=catch sb.doing句式,故用现在分词作补语。

14.【解析】选A。考查过去分词作补语。句意:大多数的菜肴客人都没有动,因为它们尝起来不可口。此处为leave sth.+宾语补足语句式,由于dishes与untouch之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作补语。

15.【解析】选C。考查不定式作补语。句意:听到2012年伦敦奥运会被宣布开幕时,全世界的人们都突然欢呼起来。Games与declare之间为动宾关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。

16.【解析】选B。考查过去分词作补语。句意:进入屋里,护士发现录音机不见了。“进入”与“发现”几乎同时发生,并且均为nurse发出,故前空用现在分词作时间状语;后空为find sth.done句式,用gone作补语。

17.【解析】选B。句意:——我认为在这个小城镇我们不能修好损坏的车。——我们正在考虑去北京让人修一修。根据语境“去北京修”为想法,故推知consider此处意思为“考虑”,后面跟动词-ing作宾语。

【知识拓展】(1)动词consider表示“把……看作;认为”的意思,其句式常用:①跟带名词的复合结构consider sb.sth.;②跟带形容词的复合结构consider sb./sth.+adj.;③跟带不定式的复合结构consider sb.(to be)sth. (2)consider表示“考虑”的意思,其句式常用:①consider sth.;②consider doing sth.;③consider+疑问词+不定式;④consider+从句。

18.【解析】选C。句意:——什么使得他付出了工作的代价?——缺乏经验。他总是非常紧张。根据句式此处回答what问句,故用动名词,问句为强调句,还原句式为What cost him the job? 19.【解析】选A。考查with复合结构。句意:到处种上了许多树和花,我们的校园看起来非常漂亮。在with复合结构中:trees and flowers与plant构成被动关系,所以使用过去分词表示被动。

【变式训练】

There are lots of trees and flowers

in our campus,so it looks very beautiful. A.planted

B.are planted C.to be planted

D.planting 【解析】选A。考查非谓语动词作定语。句意:我们的校园种了许多树和花,所以它看起来非常漂亮。此处lots of trees and flowers与plant为逻辑上的动宾关系。根据句意,用过去分词作定语,planted修饰trees and flowers,故选项A正确。

20.【解析】选C。考查动名词作主语。句意:明天此时我不想开我的车,遇到交通堵塞实在是太糟糕啦。此处“卷入;陷入”为被动,故用动名词的被动式作主语。