Learning about Language教学设计

Unit 3 Computers The 3rd period: learning about Language

---the Present Perfect Passive Voice

Goals: 1. Learn the Present Perfect Passive Voice. 2. Help the students master the way of using the correct voice, telling the differences between the active voice and the passive voice.

Teaching Procedures: Step 1: Revision 1.

Check the homework first

Ex1: revolution; network; went by; totally; truly; simple-minded; Anyway; deal with

Ex2: 1 explore

2 Web

3 technology

4 artificial

5 applications

6 intelligent

7.logically

8.reality Step2: Discovering Ask the Ss to discover whether these sentences have something in common.. Help them to learn the useful structure : the Present Perfect Passive Voice.

Step3: Presentation

Grammar:The Present Perfect Passive Voice 现在完成时的被动语态:现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响。

The structure of the present perfect passive voice is: have / has ＋

been＋~ed 一：1.主动语态即主语为动作的执行者；被动语态即主语为动作的承受者。现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，但主语为动作的承受者，表示“……已经被……”。

The new school has been set up.

新学校已经建成了。

2.现在完成时被动语态的肯定式为：have / has + been + done The experiment has been done successfully.

这个实验做得很成功。

现在完成时被动语态的否定式为：have / has + not + been + done Tom’s novel has not been published.

汤姆的小说还没有被出版。

现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问句需将have / has提到主语的前面。

Has his bike been repaired?

他的自行车修好了吗？

现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问句为：疑问词

+ have / has + been + done Who has been invited?

谁受到了邀请？

二：现在完成时的被动语态表达以下两个

概念：

1. 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。

2. 主语是行为动作的承受者。

现在完成时的被动语态由have/has been＋v-ed构成，其中v-ed为过去分词，表示被动。

I have been told about it many times．

The bridge has just been built．

在使用现在完成时的被动语态时要注意以下两点：

1. 过去分词前有两个助动词：

have / has和been。

2. 必须表示被动。

三：注意

1.副词的位置

often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have / has和been中间。

如:[误] Such a man has been hardly believed.

[正] Such a man has hardly been believed. 2.并不是所有动词都有被动语态

（1）happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。

如：

[误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.

[正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. （2）open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。

3.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词

或副词。

如：The patients have been taken good care of. 4.

一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，

则需改换动词或时态。如：

My brother has had (不能用has bought)

this bike for almost four years. How long has this book been bought? 误

How long ago was this book bought?

正

四：主动语态变被动语态的方法

（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2) 把谓语变成被动结构

(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3) 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语, 将主格改为宾格。

All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all the people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. (4) 双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，

另一个保留不动。

主动：I have given him the key. 被动：He has been given the key. 被动：The key has been given (to) him. (5) 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 只能将宾语变为主语, 原来的宾补保留不动，

改称主语补足语。

主动：I have asked her to help you. 被动：She has been asked to help you.

Step4: Practice and exercises 1.Change the following sentences into the Present Perfect Passive Voice. !). We have completed all the preparations for the task, and we’re ready to start.

2). This company has produced

new types of computers. 3). They have interviewed several teachers for the job. 4). George has sent some texts and pictures to his friend’s cellphone.

5). They have developed some programmes for the human resource department of their company. 2. Do some exercises: choice Step5: Using the structure : Play a game—What has been decided. 1. Give The Ss the situation : Get into groups of four. Your task is to decide what has been decided for the class .Take turns to make the ideas as interesting or as lively as you can. 2. Give the Ss some examples:on Saturday.

S2:It has been decided that those who keep the classroom tidy should be allowed to go home early everyday. S3:It has been decided …

S4:…

3. Ask them to collect the ones they all like best and be prepared to tell them to the class. Step6: Further Study:

高考链接(This step can be done according to teaching needs.) 1. ---How long _____ at this job?

B

--- Since 1990.

A. were you employed

B. have you been employed

C. had you been employed

D. will you be employed

2. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___yet. (2003 上海春季)

D A. are not decided

B. have not been decided

C. is not being decided

D. has not been decided 3．All the preparations for the task ___, and we are ready to start. (2000 北京春季)

D Step 7: Homework 1.Finish Exercise 1 on P57.

2.Revise the Present Perfect Passive Voice.

S1: It has been decided that those who do not do heir homework will be asked to return to school