Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending优秀获奖教案

Section_Ⅱ

Learning_about_Language

Ⅰ.高频单词点击

1．lowervt.降低，跌落；减弱→lowadj.低矮的

2．ripeadj.熟的，成熟的，时机成熟的→ripenessn．成熟，老练→ripen (使)成熟

3．irrigationn．灌溉→irrigatev．灌溉

4．stringn．线，细绳，一串

5．postponevt.推迟，延迟

6．monumentn．纪念碑→monumental丰碑式的

Ⅱ.重点短语必记

result in

导致

Ⅲ.常用句型必备

1．There was not much room left_for_the_crew. 2．We were dirty and had long beards，for we had no fresh water to_wash_in and we didn't shave at all. Ⅳ.单元语法聚焦

非谓语动词作宾语和双宾语动词

[单词点击]

1．ripe adj.

(1)成熟的

This fruit isn't ripe yet—we can't eat it. 这水果还没有熟，我们不能吃。

Soon ripe，soon rotten. [谚]早熟早烂，[喻]早慧早衰。

(2)准备好的；适宜的

This field is ripe for sowing. 这块地已适合于播种了。

(3)发展完好的

ripe judgment成熟的判断力

(4)大胆的

a rather ripe joke过于大胆的笑话

ripeness n．

be ripe for...

成熟，老练

……的时机成熟；准备就绪；适于……

The time is ripe for reforming the education system. 改革教育体制的时机已经成熟。

ripe，mature

(1)ripe主要用于果实已成熟，可以食用；也用于谷物成熟，可以收获。

The peaches are not mature/ripe.桃还没有成熟。

(2)mature应用范围较广，不仅指果实、谷物的成熟，而且泛指动植物的成熟。

Peach trees are considered mature when they begin bearing fruit.桃树开始结果便成熟了。

[即境活用1]

The land was ripe________ industrial development. A．for

C．up

B．through D．off 解析：选A

句意：这块土地已经具备了发展工业的条件。be ripe for表示“适于……”。

2．postpone vt.延期；延缓；搁置

We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th. 我们把比赛从3月5日推迟到3月19日举行。

be postponed for an hour 延迟一小时

postpone doing sth.

延期做某事

She postponed getting married because of her career. 由于事业她延缓了结婚。

postpone，delay

(1)postpone指延迟一段时间，等做过了某件事、了解了某种情况、得到了某种信息后再去做。

We are postponing our trip until the weather grows warmer.我们推迟旅行直至天气转暖。

(2)delay指因出现了某种障碍而延缓，要延迟到什么时候还不确定。强调“推迟”这个概念。

Their arrival will be delayed because of heavy traffic. 由于交通拥挤，他们不能及时到达。

[即境活用2]

Let's postpone________ a decision until we have more information. A．to make

C．making

B．make D．made 解析：选C

postpone 后应用动名词作宾语，意为“延期干某事”。

3．monument n．纪念建造物；纪念碑(与to连用) This pillar is a monument to all those who died in the civil war.这根纪念柱是为所有那些在国内战争中牺牲的人所建的纪念碑。

the Monument to the People's Heroes人民英雄纪念碑

需要跟to表示“的……”的名词还有：

the key to sth.

the access to sth.

the entrance to sth.

[即境活用3]

The key to________ the problem is to find the person who have witnessed the scene. A．solve

C．solving

B．have solved D．be solved ……的钥匙或关键

……的通道或使用方法

……的入口

解析：选C

the key to sth.“……的关键”。to为介词，应选C项。

[短语精析]

1．result in造成；导致

The earthquake resulted in thousands of deaths. 这次地震造成了成千上万人的死亡。

These policies resulted in many people suffering hardship.这些政策使得许多人在困苦中挣扎。

result from

lead to

contribute to

bring about

[即境活用4]

However，at times this balance in nature is disturbed，________ a number of possibly unforeseen effects. A．resulting in

B．resulting from (因……)发生；(随……)发生

导致

导致，促成

导致

C．resulting

D．resulting of 解析：选A

句意：然而，有时候这种自然界的平衡被破坏，导致很多无法预见的结果。result in“导致，造成”用动名词形式作状语。而result from后应跟原因。

[句型归纳]

1．There was not much room left_for_the_crew.

没有给全体队员留下足够的空间。

left在句中作后置定语，在一般情况下单个的形容词和分词作定语时，要放在被修饰词的前边，但也有些形容词和分词必须放在后边作定语；也有些可前可后，但意义不同。

We have five remaining books.(remaining只能是前置定语)。我们剩下了5本书。

All people present at the meeting are students.(present作为“出席的，在场的”时只能是后置定语。) 出席会议的所有人员都是学生。

The present problem is how to get there.(present作为“目前的，现在的”时，只能是前置定语) 目前的问题是如何去那儿。

如果是短语作定语，要放在被修饰词的后边。

The girl referred to is a friend of mine. 刚才提到的那个女孩是我的朋友。

The building being built is our school. 正在建设的建筑物是我们的学校。

[即境活用5]

________ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. A．Brave enough students B．Enough brave students C．Students brave enough D．Students enough brave 解析：选C

enough为副词修饰形容词应放在形容词后面，brave enough为形容词短语作后置定语。

2．We were dirty and had long beards，for we had no fresh water to_wash_in and we didn't shave at all.

我们身上很脏，胡子很长，因为我们没有淡水洗澡，也根本不刮胡子。

to wash in作定语修饰其前面的名词water。因为主语we与动词不定式构成逻辑上的主

谓关系，所以动词不定式采用主动形式。

She usually has a lot of meetings to attend. 她通常有许多会议要参加。

注意：(1)当不定式被用作定语时，若句中有其表示的动作的发出者，应用不定式的主动形式；若没有动作的发出者，则用被动形式。

I will go shopping.Do you have anything to be bought? 我要去购物。你有什么要(我为你)买的吗？

(2)当作定语的不定式为不及物动词或是已经带了宾语的及物动词时，其后根据需要加一个适当的介词。

Please give me a bag to put the goods in. 请给我个包来装这些货物。

[即境活用6]

—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? —The key________ the problem is to meet the demand ________ by the customers. A．to solving；making

C．to solve；making

B．to solving；made D．to solve；made 解析：选B

该题考查key的用法和过去分词作定语。句意：“你如何处理公司和顾客之间的分歧？”“解决这个问题的关键是满足顾客提出的要求。”the key to...“……的关键”，to是介词，其后接名词或动名词。demand与make之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故选B项。

一、非谓语动词作宾语

1．只能跟v.-ing形式作宾语的常见动词和短语口诀

避免错过少延期

建议完成多练习

喜欢想象禁不住

承认否定与嫉妒

逃避冒险莫原谅

忍受保持不介意

Would you mind turning down your radio a little，please？把收音机的声音调低点你介意avoid，miss，put off advise，finish，practice enjoy，imagine，can't help admit，deny，envy escape，risk，excuse stand，keep，mind 非谓语动词作宾语和双宾语动词

吗？

The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这只松鼠很幸运没有被抓住。

I crossed the street to avoid meeting him，but he saw me and came running towards me. 我横穿马路以便避开他，但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。

2．只能跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词和短语口诀

决定学会有希望

decide/determine/resolve，learn，hope/wish 同意安排别假装

agree，arrange，pretend 胆敢拒绝定失败

dare/venture，refuse/decline，fail 准备设法来帮忙

prepare，manage，help 提出要求付得起

ask/offer，demand/ask，afford 答应计划理应当

promise，plan，be supposed 努力期盼别犹豫

endeavor，desire/expect，hesitate 想要发誓作保障

want/would like/should love，pledge/swear/vow，guarantee

His father has decided to give up smoking. 他的父亲已经决定戒烟了。

Don't pretend to know what you don't know. 不要不懂装懂。

I can't afford to buy such an expensive car. 我买不起这么贵的车。

3．既可跟v.-ing形式作宾语又可跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词和短语

(1)在hate，like，love，prefer等动词后，表习惯性一般性的动作常用v.-ing形式；一次性具体的动作多用动词不定式。

I like watching TV，but I don't like to watch this TV play.我喜欢看电视，但我不喜欢看这部电视剧。

(2)在try，mean，learn，go on，can't help等动词后，用两种形式意义不同。



to do

尽力做……①try

doing

试着做

to do

打算做……②mean

doing

意味着做to do

学会做……③learn 

doing

学习做

to do

接着做另一事④go on 

doing

接着做同一事

to do

不能帮忙做……⑤can't help

doing

禁不住做……

I'm very busy today，so I can't help to do the housework.我很忙，所以不能帮着做家务活。

She can't help crying at the bad news. 听到这坏消息，她禁不住哭了。

(3)当主语是物时，在want，need，require等动词后，用两种语态形式表示“(某物)需要……”，即＋doing/to be done。

The flowers in the garden need watering/to be watered.花园里的花需要浇水了。

(4)在remember，forget，regret等动词后，用两种形式时间概念不同。

①＋to do记住/忘记/抱歉将要做……

②＋doing/having done记住/忘记/后悔曾做过……

—Have you forgotten borrowing a ruler from Betty? 你忘了你曾经从Betty那儿借过尺子吗？

—Oh，yes.But I remember returning it to her the next day. 喔，是的。但是我记得第二天还给她了。

二、双宾语动词

有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。两种宾语在句子中的位置：

1．主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

Please hand me the book.请把书递给我。

He owes me five dollars.他欠我五美元。

Her mother bought her a skirt. 她妈妈为她买了一条裙子。

2．主语＋及物动词＋直接宾语＋介词＋间接宾语

(1)间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：give，tell，lend，sell，teach，send，write，show，return，bring，pass，leave，offer，hand等。

They gave the house to John.他们把房子给了约翰。

He sold his old car to one of his neighbors. 他把旧车卖给了他的一个邻居。

注意：say，explain，introduce等为接单宾语的及物动词。故“say/explain/introduce sth. to sb.”结构不能说成say/explain/introduce sb. sth. Please explain the sentence to us.(正确) Please explain us the sentence.(不正确)

请给我们解释一下这个句子。

(2)间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：buy，choose，get，make，fetch，find，order，paint，save，spare，cook等。

I have bought some chocolate for you. 我给你买了一些巧克力。

注意：如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾语放在间接宾语前，且间接宾语前加上适当的介词。

I handed it to our teacher. 我把它递给了我们的老师。

不能说：I handed our teacher it. (3)间接宾语前加介词of的动词有：ask，require，demand，expect等。

You are asking a lot of them if you expect them to work at the weekend. 如果你希望他们在周末上班，你就要求的太多了。

Parents expect too much of children. 父母对孩子期望太高。

注意：warn sb. of sth.，remind sb. of sth.，inform sb. of sth.等不属于上述情况。

1．(陕西高考)It's quite hot today.Do you feel like ________ for a swim? A．to go

C go

B．going D．having gone 解析：选B

考查非谓语动词。句意：今天很热。你愿意去游泳吗？feel like意思是“想要，意欲”，其后要用动词的-ing形式作宾语。故答案为B。

2．(安徽高考)I remembered ________ the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A．locking

C．having locked

B．to lock D．to have locked 解析：选B

考查非谓语动词。句意：我离开办公室之前记得关门却忘记关灯了。remember to do sth.表示“记得要做某事”，与后半句中的“forgot to ...”相对应。

3．(陕西高考)I still remember________to the Famen Temple and what I saw there. A．to take

C．taking

B．to be taken D．being taken 解析：选D

考查非谓语动词。remember to do sth.记得要做某事(该事情未发生)；remember doing sth.记得做过某事(该事情已经发生)。依据后文的“what I saw there”可知这里说的是记得已经发生的事情；再者take的宾语就是句子的主语，二者间是动宾关系，用被

动形式，所以选being taken。

Ⅰ.单项填空

1．I would appreciate ________ to relax with you on this nice island. A．to have had time

C．to have time

B．having time D．to having time 解析：选B

appreciate后跟动名词形式，因此应选B项。

2．Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to________ some schools for poor children. A．set up

C．have set up

B．setting up D．having set up 解析：选B

devote...to...“将……致力于……”，其中的to为介词。应用动名词形式。本句中he had 作all的定语。

3．I would love________ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A．to go

C．going

B．to have gone D．having gone 解析：选B

would love to have done表示“本愿意干某事”(但是没干)。

4．—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. —Well，now I regret ________ that. A．to do

C．to having done

B．to be doing D．having done 解析：选D

regret doing sth.表示“为做过某事而感到后悔”。

5．We agreed ________ here but so far she hasn't turned up yet. A．having met

C．to meet

B．meeting D．to have met 解析：选C

agree to do表示“同意干某事”。

6．Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening. A．to be taken

C．being taken

B．to take D．taking 解析：选A

should love后跟动词不定式，根据句意应使用被动语态。

7．I can hardly imagine Peter ________ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A．sail

B．to sail

C．sailing

D．to have sailed 解析：选C

imagine doing sth.表示“想象做某事”，其后跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟动名词的复合结构，即imagine sb. doing sth.“想象某人做某事”。

8．—What do you think of the book? —Oh，excellent.It is worth ________ a second time. A．to read

C．reading

B．to be read D．being read 解析：选C

be worth doing表示“值得做某事”，以主动形式表示被动含义。

9．She pretended ________ me when I passed by. A．not to see

C．to not see

B．not seeing D．having not seen 解析：选A

pretend后跟动词不定式，表示“假装干某事”。动词不定式的否定形式中，not应放在动词不定式之前。

10．She didn't remember ________ him before. A．having met

C．to meet

B．have met D．to having met 解析：选A

remember doing(或having done) sth.表示“记得做过某事”。

Ⅱ.完形填空

Hidden passengers traveling in ships，trains，or even cars can be a terrible trouble—especially when they are insects.As for this，there is a great__1__between human beings and insects.The former __2__ every possible effort to avoid being discovered，while the latter quickly __3__ attention to themselves. We can only show mercy to the __4__ man who had to stop his car soon after __5__ from a country village to drive to London.Hearing a strange noise from the __6__ of the car，he naturally got out to __7__ the wheels carefully，but he found nothing wrong，so he __8__ his way.Again the noise began __9__ and became even louder.Quickly __10__ his head，the man saw what appeared to be a great __11__ cloud following the car.When he stopped at a village further on，he was told that a queen bee must be hidden in his car as there were thousands of bees __12__. On learning this，the man drove away as quickly as possible.After an hour's __13__ driving，he arrived safely in London，where he parked his car outside a __14__ and went in.It was not long __15__ a customer who had seen him arrive __16__ in to inform him that his car was __17__ with bees. The poor driver was __18__ that the best way should be to call a __19__. In a short time the man arrived.He found the unwelcome passenger hidden near the wheels at the back of the car.Very thankful to the driver for this __20__ gift，the bee-keeper took the queen and her thousands of followers home in a large box.

1．A.connection

C．communication

B．difference D．similarity 解析：选B

后文的语境告诉我们，这里应该选difference，因为人会尽力躲藏，以免被人发现，而昆虫却恰恰相反。

2．A.do

C．make

B．take D．try 解析：选C

make every possible effort是固定短语，意思是“尽一切努力”，相当于try one's best。

3．A.give

C．pay

B．keep D．draw 解析：选D

draw attention to sb.是一个常见的搭配，意思是“引起某人注意”。former意思是“前者”，latter意思是“后者”。

4．A.unfortunate

C．unpleasant

B．careless D．hopeless 解析：选A

后文语境交代了，这个人不走运，unfortunate意思是“不幸运”；careless意思是“粗心的”；unpleasant“不舒适”；hopeless“无望的”。

5．A.passing by

C．setting out

B．leaving out D．getting up 解析：选C

pass by意思是“经过”；get up意思是“起床，站起来”；leave out意思是“遗漏”，这三个在此句中均不合适。set out是“出发”的意思。

6．A.front

C．left

B．back D．right 解析：选B

后文的near the wheels at the back of the car作了提示，这里指靠近后车轮的部位，所以选B。

7．A.clean

C．test

B．change D．examine 解析：选D

examine意思是“仔细检查”；test是“检验”的意思，其他两个与题意不符合，在这里不合适。

8．A.drove

C．pushed

B．continued D．forced 解析：选B

在这里指他没有发现差错，所以就“继续”他的旅行。

9．A.normally

C．actually

B．gently D．immediately 解析：选D

这里是说车一发动起来，声音马上就来了，强调动作之快。

10．A.hiding

C．shaking

B．turning D．raising 解析：选B

这里用turn表示回头看。其他与题意不符。

11．A.black

C．white

B．beautiful D．colorful 解析：选A

他看到一片黑云追随在车后，说明蜜蜂之多，大有铺天盖地之势。

12．A.below

C．nearby

B．ahead D．behind 解析：选C

根据上下文可以看出，这里指蜜蜂在附近飞行，而不是在下面、前头、后面，这些说的位置都太具体了。

13．A.boring

C．exciting

B．careful D．hard 解析：选D

从上下文可以看出，到处都是蜜蜂，因为被蜜蜂追逐，所以感到很“艰难”。

14．A.hotel

C．hospital

B．museum D．school 解析：选A

从上下文语境可以看出这里指来到一家旅馆门前。

15．A.when

C．until

B．after D．before 解析：选D

句型It was not long before...意思是“不久就……”，这里指刚到这里不久就有一个旅客告诉他他的车被蜜蜂围了起来。

16．A.broke

C．hurried

B．moved D．dropped 解析：选C

hurried在这里表示急切的心情。

17．A.crowded

C．filled

B．covered D．equipped 解析：选B

crowed意思是“拥挤”；filled意思是“充满”；equipped意思是“装备”，这几个词与题意不符。这里指他的车被蜜蜂所覆盖。be covered with意思是“被……所覆盖”。

18．A.advised

C．ordered

B．required D．requested 解析：选A

advise“建议”；require“要求”；order“命令”；request“请求”。这里是有人建议他去找一个养蜂人来收拾。

19．A.bee-keeper

C．waiter

B．policeman D．repairman 解析：选A

此题应该结合常识来选择，我们知道只有养蜂人能熟知蜜蜂的生活习性，

能够应付这种局面。

20．A.unfamiliar

C．unexpected

B．unknown D．uncertain 解析：选C

对养蜂人来说，不花钱就得到了一只大蜂王，这是一个没有料想到的、意外的礼物。

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