Learning about Language教学教案设计

Members of a Sentence & Basic Sentence Patterns ——

句子成分和基本句型

Step 1 Parts of speech 词性

2）

We work hard. 3）

To learn a foreign language is not easy. 4）

Playing football after school is great fun. 2. 谓语

（V.）说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由______ 充当。动词常分词

性

作

用

例

句

名词（n.）

表示人或事物的名称

I bought a book.

代词（pron.）

代替名词、数词等

This is my friend.

数词（num.）

表示数目或顺序

There are ten apples on the table and I will take the first one. 动词（v.）

表示动作或状态

We are working hard at English. 形容词（adj.）

表示人或事物的特征He is small but he is clever.

或性状

副词（adv.）

表示动作或性状特征

I like English very much. 介词（prep.）

表示名词、代词和其He usually stays at home on Sundays. 他词之间的关系

连词（conj.）

连接词与词或句与句

He and I are in the same class and we are good friends.

感叹词表示强烈的感情

Oh! How beautiful the scene is!

（interj.）

冠词（art.）

用来限制名词的意义

I have a pet dog.

Step 2 Members of a sentence 句子成分

1.

主语

(S.):

一个句子所要说明的人或事物，一般位于_________。

1）

Lucy likes her new bike.

1 为______动词, ______动词, ______动词和______动词。

1）We love China. 2）She seems tired.

3）He can speak English

4）We have finished reading this book. △情态动词和助动词

不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.

1）They can speak English well. 2）They don’t like playing football. △系动词

①

状态系动词，用来表示主语状态，只有be动词(am,is,are,were,was)

He is a teacher.

②

持续系动词，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, remain, stay。

He always kept silent at meeting.

③

表象系动词，用来表示"看起来像"，主要有seem, appear, look。

He looks tired.

He seems (to be) very sad. ④

感官系动词，主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。

This flower smells very sweet.

⑤

变化系动词，表示主语变成什么样，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come。

He became mad after that.

⑥

终止系动词，表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out。

The rumor proved false.

His plan turned out a success.

3. 宾语（O.）：表示动作的对象，说明主语做什么。一般放在______词或_____词后面. 1）We study English.

2）Our teacher said that he would go there. 3）Do you mind opening the window？

4）He is looking at the dog. △双宾语：（间接宾语+直接宾语）

指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。

He gave me two books. 4. 表语（P.）：跟在____动词后面的词语或从句，用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态。

1）The trees turn green. 2）The flowers are beautiful . 3）My job is to teach you English. 4）The question is how we can get there. 5. 定语：用来修饰限定____词，单个词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。

1) This is a red car.

2

2) The building is their teaching building.

3) The woman doctor is my wife. 4) I have something to tell you. 5) The man in front of the gate is Mr. Li. 6) I have nothing to eat.

7）

Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.

6. 状语：修饰___词、______词、____词或整个句子，说明时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。

1) John often came to chat with me．

2) As he was ill, he didn’t come to class yesterday.

3) She is sitting at the desk, doing her homework.

4) My father worked in this school ten years ago. 5) Though he is young, he knows a lot. 6) He came running. 7. 宾语补足语：英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。

1）They elected me captain of the team.

2）We try to make our country strong.

3）They found the house broken in. 主语补足语

如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语

1）

I was elected captain of the team. 2）

Our country will be made strong. 3）

The house was found broken in.

8. 同位语：当指代同一事物的两个句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分①用来说明和解释另一个句子成分②，这个句子成分①就叫做另一个句子成分②的同位语。

△

什么情况下用it作形式主语？

当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主1）We students should study hard.

语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。

(students就是we的同位语，都是指同一批“学生”）

Q：你能划出下列句子的真正主语吗?你能翻译下列句子吗？

2）The Great Wall, one of the wonders in the world, attracts a large number 1) It is wrong to tell a lie. (

) of foreign friends. 2) It is no use arguing about it. (

（____________________________是____________________的同位语）

3) It is uncertain who will come. (

2. 宾语。

宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：

Practice: 请划分下面句子的成分：

1）She lived a happy life.(

)

My best friend Tom gave me a beautiful gift at the party yesterday. 2）I love you.(

)

3）We need two.(

) Step 3 Forms of each member 各种句子成分的形式

4）Do you mind my opening the door?(

) 1. 主语。

主语可以用下面这些东西表示：

5）He began to learn English a year ago.(

) 1）The sun rises in the east. （

）

6）He did not know what to say.(

) 2）He likes dancing. （

）

7）Did you write down what she said? (

) 3）Two will be enough.

(

)

8）She felt it her duty to take good care of them. 4）Seeing is believing. （

）

(

) 5）To see is to believe. （

）

3. 表语。

表语可以用下面这些东西表示：

6）When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet.

(

) 1）

He is a teacher. (

) 7）What he needs is a book. （

）

2）

My idea is this. (

) 8）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. 3）

She was the first to arrive.(

) （

）

4）

I feel much better today. /I must be off now. (

/

5）

He is out of danger. (

)

3 )

)

)

6）

The news was exciting. /They were excited at the news. (

) 4.7）

The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it. (

) 6. 宾语补足语。

宾语补足语可以用下面这些东西表示：

1）

I consider Jim a good friend. (

) 2）

I always find her happy. (

) 3）

People praised him as a hero. (

) 4）

I had the TV fixed. (

) 5）

I saw him entering the building. (

) 6）

What made you think so? (

) 7）

Do you want me to go? (

)

★

提升练习

1.

指出句子的主语

What he did made everyone surprised. 2.

指出句子的宾语The old man sitting at the gate said that he was ill. 3.

指出句子的表语My dream is that I can be admitted into a key university. 4.

指出句子的定语I will never forget the days that I spent together with you. 5.

指出句子的状语He began to learn English when he was eleven. 6.

指出句子的同位语

The news that we won the first place excited all of us. 总结：一个____________充当句子的某一个成分时，就叫做从句。

Step 4 Basic sentence patterns

简单句：

只有一个主谓结构

英语句子

并列句：

有两个或两个以上主谓结构

的类型

复合句：

一个主句加一个或多个从句

e.g.

They are playing baseball in the garden.

(_______ 句) 4

7）

What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well. (

) 定语。

定语可以用下面这些东西表示：

1）

It’s a red car. (

) 2）

They live in the room above. (

) 3）

My brother is a teacher. (

) 4）

We belong to the third world. (

) 5）

Lucy’s father is a poor worker. (

) 6）

Mother made a birthday cake for me. (

) 7）

The man under the tree is my teacher. (

) 8）

The swimming boy is my brother. /The boy swimming in the river is my brother. (

) 9）

I liked the food cooked by my mother. /Retired people have a good time at home. (

) 10）

There are two things to be discussed today.（

）

11）

Will you tell us about your teaching plan? （

）

12）

This is the very book that I need.

（

）

5. 状语。

状语可以用下面这些东西表示：

1）He is often late for class.(

) 2）We saw that picture at the cinema.(

) 3）He sat there smoking.(

) 4）They returned, tired and hungry. （

）

5）They did everything they could to save the boy’s life. （

）

6）

Although he is young, he knows a lot. (

)

Her brother and sister are both teachers.

(_______ 句) Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher.

(_______ 句) I liked the story very much but Li Ming wasn’t interested in it.

(_______ 句) Hurry up, or you’ll be late.

(_______ 句) If he is all right tomorrow, he will come.

(_______ 句) I went to bed after I finished my homework.

(_______ 句)

▲简单句的五种基本句型

1. 基本句型一： Ｓ

+ Ｖ 主语＋谓语（不及物动词）

•

She cooks. •

He is working. •

What he said does not matter. •

The pen writes smoothly.

（

动词副词搭配）

•

The girl looked at the picture.

（动词介词搭配）

Exercise：

•

我每天起得很早。

_________________________________________________________ •

小鸟在树上欢快的歌唱。

_________________________________________________________

2. 基本句型二：

S + V + P

主语＋谓语（系动词）＋表语

•

He is happy. •

Everything looks nice.

•

His face turned red. Exercise：

•

你的故事听起来很有趣。

____________________________________.

•

牛奶已经变酸了。

________________________________________. •

这种炎热的天气将会保持几天。

__________________________________________. •

这个计划证明是可行的（adj.

practical）。

__________________________________________. 3. 基本句型三：

S+V+O

主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋宾语

•

We study English everyday. •

They are playing football. •

My brother takes care of the vegetable garden. •

He forgot to close the door. Exercise：

•

他因为开车太快而违反了交通规则。_________________________________________________________________________________________________. •

他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光(drink … up)。_________________________________________________________. •

他许诺给我一个礼物。

_________________________________________________________. 4. 基本句型四：

S+V+O1+O2

主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语

•

I give him a book. •

My mother bought me a pen yesterday. •

I showed him my picture. Exercise：

•

谁教你们生物？_________________________________________________________ •

顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？_________________________________________________________

5

5. 基本句型五：S+V+O+C

主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语

•

We must keep the door open. •

The news makes me happy. •

We call him Jim. •

He told me to wash the plates. •

I saw a thief going into your room. Exercise：

•

他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。

______________________________________. •

我建议他多读点书。(suggest sb doing sth) __________________________________________. •

他修了机器。(have sth done) •

__________________________________________. •

我们选他当班长。(make sb sth) •

__________________________________________.

Practice

分析下列句子的基本结构：

1. Our school is not far from my home. 2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you. 3. All of us considered him honest. 4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes. 5. He broke a piece of glass. 6. He made it clear that he would leave the city.

7. I love you more than her. 8. Trees turn green when spring comes. 9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12. All the students think highly of his teaching. 13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song. 15. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 6