Learning about Language主要内容及教案内容

教学设计

Grammar Teaching material NSEFC Book 6 —— Unit 5 Teaching aims Enable the students to master the v-ing form used as an adverbial Teaching important &difficult points How to enable the students to know v-ing form used as an adverbial Teaching aids tape recorder, slides Teaching procedures Step1 Lead in Examine the sentences below and tell the similarity and difference between these two sentences. Looking carefully at the ground, I made my way to the edge of the crater. Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already, I didn’t take my notice.

The –ing form can be used as an adverbial in a sentence to give information about time, reasons or results. We use the construction having+past participle to refer to an action that took place before the time expressed by the main verb. Grammar–ing 形式作状语

一、ing形式作状语,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。

用法

例句

时间

Crossing the road, he was ran over by a car. Having done their homework, the students played football.

[来源学科网]原因

Not knowing English, he couldn't understand the film.

Having lived in Shanghai, he knows the place very well.

Working hard, you will do well in the exam.

Turning to the left, you will see the post office. Working or reading, she always did her best. Not being a rich man himself, he helped the poor generously.

The children went into the classroom, talking and laughing.

She sat there, staring at the ceiling.

His parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan.

The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. 条件

让步

伴随

结果

二、

–ing形式的完成式

句型主动Having +p.p. …, 主语+谓语

[来源[来源学§科§网Z§X§学*科*网]X§K]被动

(Having

been) +p.p…, 主语+谓语

用法

-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前，一般在句中作时间或原因状语用被动语态-ing完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，在句中一般作状语用

Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel. Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library. 例句

三、学习-ing形式作状语的用法时,需要注意以下四点: 一、与过去分词作状语的区别。

一般来说,-ing形式表示主动、进行;过去分词表示被动、完成。试比较:

The enemy fled in a panic, leaving behind a lot of dead bodies and weapons.

Defeated and frightened, the enemy fled in a panic.

分析:前一例中的-ing形式短语在句子中作伴随状语,它与其逻辑主语the enemy之间为主动关系;后一句中的过去分词defeated和frightened表原因,它与其逻辑主语the enemy之间为被动关系。

二、分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。

1. Comparing all the great people with each other, you’ll find that they have much in common.

2. Finding her car stolen, she hurried to a policeman for help. 3. The train having gone, we had to wait another day. 分析:前两例中,-ing形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语。最后一例中having gone的逻辑主语是

the train。

三、

-ing形式的否定式。其基本结构是:not + -ing形式,无论在完成式还是被动式里,not必须置于-ing形式之前。如:

Not having finished his homework, the boy was still doing it in the classroom.

四、 -ing形式(短语)的功能有时相当于一个状语从句。

根据这个性质,我们在使用-ing形式作状语时,切记不要在前面或后面的句子前用连词连接。如:

Walking on the fallen leaves in autumn, so you’ll feel very comfortable.(×)

分析:如前所述,-ing形式短语相当于一个状语从句,所以后半句中的连词so的使用是错误的,应该去掉。原句应改为:

Walking on the fallen leaves in autumn, you’ll feel very comfortable. Exercises 请用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空:

1. _____ (live) in a southern city of China, I have never seen such a wonderful snow view.

2. _____ (not grow) up yet, you’re not allowed to enter the bars.

3. _____ (encourage) by the director, the actors performed wonderfully in the play.

4. _____ (Know) all this, they made me pay for the damage.

5. The students are sitting in the reading-room, _____ (read) all kinds of books. Key:

1. Living 2. Not having grown 3. Encouraged

4. Knowing 5. reading 二、单项选择

1．

The great hall was crowded with many people, _____ many children _____on their parents’ laps.

A. including; seated B. including; seating

C. included; sat D. included; sitting

2. _____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water.

A. Being no rain B. There was no rain

C. To be no rain D. There being no rain 3．

His letter, _____ to the wrong number, reached me late.

A. having been addressed B. to have addressed

C. to have been addressed D. being addressed

4．"You can't catch me" Janet shouted, ______away. A. run B. running C. to run D. ran 5．More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ______ advantage of the healthy and relaxation benefits.

A. taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken

6．______ in the queue for half an hour , Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. (NMET2004北京卷) A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 答案

1.A。including为介词;由seat的用法可知,此处应用其过去分词形式。

2. D. There being no rain为

there be句型的独立主格形式。

3.A。address所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,且与letter之间逻辑上存在着被动关系,having been addressed...在句中作非限制性定语。

4 解析：答案为B。现在分词running away在这里作伴随状语。题意是一边跑着，一边喊着说。

5．解析：该题考察非谓语动词的用法。四个选项均为take的不同形式，由句中的逗号及空白前后的逻辑关系考虑，此空应填现在分词表结果，答案为A。

6．解析：答案为C。

根据for half an hour 可判断出要用现在分词的完成形式having waited 填写，表示排队发生在汤姆意识到把钱包忘在家里了之前。

Homework 1. Review v-ing form used as an adverbial. 2. Preview Using Language.