Learning about Language名师教学设计2

The great jobs boom 就业热潮

The rich world is enjoying an unprecedented employment boom, which capitalism’s critics have missed

unprecedented

adj.史无前例的

发达国家正经历一场史无前例的就业热潮，资本主义批评家对此浑然不觉

The great jobs boom

EVERYONE SAYS work is miserable. Today’s workers, if they are lucky enough to escape the gig

economy and have a real job, have lost control over their lives. They are underpaid and exploited by unscrupulous不择手段的

bosses. And they face a insecure future, as machines threaten to make them unemployable.

gig economy零工经济（如滴滴快车，外卖平台等）

unscrupulous不择手段的，不公平的

unprincipled

There is just one problem with this bleak picture: it is at odds with reality. As we report this week (see Briefing), most of the rich world is enjoying a jobs boom of unprecedented scope. Not only is work plentiful, but it is also, on average, getting better. Capitalism is improving workers’ lot

faster than it has in years, as tight labour markets enhance their bargaining power. The zeitgeist时代精神

has lost touch with the data.

bleak :depressing 没有希望的，令人沮丧的（惨淡的景象；at odds with与….不和的scope 范围，lot命运，处境（尤指不太好的）

enhance：increase

Just the job

In America the unemployment rate is only 3.6%, the lowest in half a century. Less appreciated is the abundance of jobs across most of the rich world. Two-thirds of the members of the OECD, a club of mostly rich countries, enjoy record-high employment among 15- to 64-year-olds. In Japan 77% of this group has a job, up six percentage points in six years. This year Britons will work a record 350bn hours a month. Germany is enjoying a bonanza of tax revenue following a surge in the size of its labour force (see article). Even in France, Spain and Italy, where joblessness is still relatively high, working-age employment is close to or exceeds 2005 levels.

The rich-world jobs boom is partly cyclical—the result of a decade of economic stimulus and recovery since the great recession. But it also reflects structural shifts. Populations are becoming more educated. Websites are efficient at matching vacancies and qualified applicants. And ever more women work. In fact women account for almost all the growth in the rich-world employment rate since 2007. That has something to do with pro-family policies in Europe, but since 2015 the trend is found in America, too. Last, reforms to welfare programmes, both to make them less generous and to toughen eligibility tests, seem to have encouraged people to seek work.

Thanks to the jobs boom, unemployment, once the central issue of political economy, has all but disappeared from the political landscape in many countries. It has been replaced by a series of complaints about the quality and direction of work. These are less tangible and harder to judge than employment statistics. The most important are that automation is destroying opportunities and that work, though plentiful, is low-quality and precarious. “Our jobs market is being turned into a sea of insecurity,” says Jeremy Corbyn, leader of Britain’s Labour Party.

Again, reality begs to differ. In manufacturing, machines have replaced workers over a period of decades. This seems to have contributed to a pocket of persistent joblessness among American men. But across the OECD as a whole, a jobs apocalypse carried out by machines and algorithms, much feared in Silicon Valley, is nowhere to be seen. A greater share of people with only a secondary education or less is in work now than in 2000.

It is also true that middle-skilled jobs are becoming harder to find as the structure of the economy changes, and as the service sector—including the gig economy—expands. By 2026 America will have more at-home carers than secretaries, according to official projections. Yet as labour markets hollow out, more high-skilled jobs are being created than menial ones. Meanwhile, low-end work is becoming better paid, in part because of higher minimum wages. Across the rich world, wages below two-thirds of the national median are becoming rarer, not more common.

As for precariousness, in America traditional full-time jobs made up the same proportion of employment in 2017 as they did in 2005. The gig economy accounts for only around 1% of jobs there. In France, despite recent reforms to make labour markets more flexible, the share of new hires given permanent contracts recently hit an all-time high. The truly precarious work is found in southern European countries like Italy, and neither exploitative employers nor modern technology is to blame. The culprit is old-fashioned law that stitches up labour markets, locking out young workers in order to keep insiders in cushy jobs.

Elsewhere, the knock-on benefits of abundant work are becoming clear. As firms compete for workers rather than workers for jobs, average wage growth is rising, pushing up workers’ share of the pie—albeit not as fast as the extent of the boom might have suggested. Tight labour markets lead firms to fish for employees in neglected pools, including among ex-convicts, and to boost training amid skills shortages. American wonks fretted for years about how to shrink disability-benefit rolls. Now the hot labour market is doing it for them. Indeed, one attraction of the jobs boom is its potential to help solve social ills without governments having to do or spend very much.

Nonetheless, policymakers do have lessons to learn. Economists have again been humbled. They have consistently underestimated potential employment, leading to hesitant fiscal and monetary policy. Just as their sanguine outlook on finance in the 2000s contributed to the bust, so their mistaken pessimism about the potential for jobs growth in the 2010s has needlessly slowed the recovery.

The left needs to accept that many of the criticisms it levels at capitalism do not fit the facts. Life at the bottom of the labour market is not joyous—far from it. However, the lot of workers is improving and entry-level jobs are a much better launch pad to something better than joblessness is. A failure to acknowledge this will lead to government intervention that is at best unnecessary and at worst jeopardises recent progress. The jobs boom seems to be partly down to welfare reforms that the likes of Mr Corbyn have vociferously opposed.

The right should acknowledge that jobs have boomed without the bonfire of regulations that typically forms its labour-market policy. In fact, labour-market rules are proliferating. And although the jury is out on whether rising minimum wages are harming some groups, such as the young, they are not doing damage that is large enough to show up in aggregate.

The jobs boom will not last for ever. Eventually, a recession will kill it off. Meanwhile, it deserves a little appreciation.■

Thanks to the jobs boom, unemployment, once the central issue of political economy, has all but disappeared from the political landscape in many countries. It has been replaced by a series of complaints about the quality and direction of work. These are less tangible and harder to judge than employment statistics. The most important are that automation is destr

oying opportunities and that work, though plentiful, is low-quality and precarious. “Our jobs market is being turned into a sea of insecurity,” says Jeremy Corbyn, leader of Britain’s Labour Party.

（语言脱壳）

失业率一度为政治经济的核心问题，

由于就业热潮，现在这个问题在许多国家政治格局几乎消失了。取而代之的是工作质量和工作趋势的抱怨问题。与失业统计数据相比

，这些问题更加难以感知难以判断。最重要的是自动化正在减少工作机会，尽管工作岗位多得很，但

都差劲而且不稳定。英国工党党魁杰里米·科尔宾（Jeremy Corbyn）说，“我们就业市场正逐渐变成一片无保障的海洋。”

political landscape

经济格局

all but: (=almost,nearly)表示“几乎，差一点”

disappear 同义词 vanish消失，失踪; 不复存在；灭绝；消亡

[+ behind / under / into etc ]

•sun had disappeared behind a cloud.太阳躲到云朵后面看不见了。

disappear from view / sight

•At this point the path seemed to disappear altogether (=disappear completely) .在此处小路好像完全消失了。

insecurity / noun 不安全感

job insecurity

工作无保障

•We all have our fears and insecurities.

我们大家都有各自的恐惧和不安全感。

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Again, reality begs to differ. In manufacturing, machines have replaced workers over a period of decades. This seems to have contributed to a pocket of persistent joblessness among American men. But across the OECD as a whole, a jobs apocalypse carried out by machines and algorithms, much feared in Silicon Valley, is nowhere to be seen. A greater share of people with only a secondary education or less is in work now than in 2000.

同样，事实并非如此。数十年来，在制造业，机器已取代了工人。这似乎导致一小部分美国男性不断失业。硅谷曾担忧机器和算法带来的就业大灾难。但从经合组织（OECD）整体而言，这一问题尚未发生。与2000年相比，现在中等教育或以下教育程度就业比例有所增加。（语言脱壳）

pocket ：

a small area or amount of something that is different from what surrounds it〔与周围区域不同的〕一小片，少量:

[+ of ]

•In some parts, there are still pockets of violence and unrest.在某些地区，仍然存在零星的暴力和动乱。

[写作积累]

a period of decades 数十年来

同义替换：1.reality begs to differ 事实并非如此

2. it is at odds with reality

3.sth do not fit the facts

A greater share of people with only a secondary education or less is in work now than in 2000.与2000年相比，现在中等教育或以下教育程度就业比例有所增加。

as a whole 整体上来说

persistent joblessness among ... 不断失业

secondary education or less 中等教育或以下教育程度

[MTI热词]

经济合作及发展组织简称“经合组织”(OECD:The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development），是由30个市场经济国家组成的政府间国际经济组织，旨在共同应对全球化带来的经济、社会和政府治理等方面的挑战，并把握全球化带来的机遇。《经济合作与发展组织公约》于1961年9月30日在巴黎生效，经济合作与发展组织正式成立。总部设在巴黎

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It is also true that middle-skilled jobs are becoming harder to find as the structure of the economy changes, and as the service sector—including the gig economy—expands. By 2026 America will have more at-home carers than secretaries, according to official projections. Yet as labour markets hollow out, more high-skilled jobs are being created than menial ones. Meanwhile, low-end work is becoming better paid, in part because of higher minimum wages. Across the rich world, wages below two-thirds of the national median are becoming rarer, not more common.

随着经济机构改变以及服务业（包括零工经济）的扩大，人们确实越来越难以找到中等技能的工作了。据官方预测，到2026年美国家政服务人员比秘书更多。然而随着劳动力市场空洞化，高技能岗位要比低端工作岗位要多。同时，低端工作薪酬得以改善，部分原因是最低薪酬水准进一步提高。在发达国家，低于全国平均收入三分之二的薪酬越来越少见，不再是普遍现象。（归化，校验）

[写作积累]

structure of the economy changes 经济结构改变

hollow out 空洞化

labour market 劳动力市场

同义替换：in part because of =partly because 部分原因

/be partly down to sth

本篇中还有表达就业热潮还有这样表达：

The great jobs boom/ enjoy an unprecedented employment bonanza/ enjoy a jobs boom of unprecedented scope/ the abundance of jobs across most of the rich world/enjoy record-high employment

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As for precariousness, in America traditional full-time jobs made up the same proportion of employment in 2017 as they did in 2005. The gig economy accounts for only around 1% of jobs there. In France, despite recent reforms to make labour markets more flexible, the share of new hires given permanent contracts recently hit an all-time high. The truly precarious work is found in southern European countries like Italy, and neither exploitative employers nor modern technology is to blame. The culprit is old-fashioned law that stitches up labour markets, locking out young workers in order to keep insiders in cushy jobs.

关于就业不稳定性，在美国传统全职工作在2017所占就业比例与2005年相同。零工经济仅占1%左右。在法国，尽管最近一些改革让劳动力市场更富有弹性，签订长期合同的新雇员的比例近来也创下新高。在意大利等南欧国家工作岗位真正不稳定，而且这既不能归咎于

雇主压榨，也不能归咎于技术现代化。罪魁祸首是旧时法律体制，封闭了劳动力市场，将年轻人拒之门外，让内部员工安逸工作。（断句）

同义替换

make up =account for (数量上、比例上)占:

•The Japanese market accounts for 35% of the company's revenue.

日本市场占该公司收入的 35%。

hit/reach an all-time high 创历史新高

culprit:the reason for a particular problem or difficulty问题的起因; 困难的起源:

•High production costs are the main culprit .生产成本高是主要原因。

注意积累表达原因的词组。

stitch sb / sth ↔ up

1.缝合，缝拢:

•She stitched up the cut and left it to heal.她把伤口缝好让它愈合。

2. 圆满地完成〔交易或协议〕:

•The deal was stitched up in minutes.那笔交易几分钟就完成了。

3. 欺骗，欺诈〔尤为了骗钱〕

4.〔提供假情报〕陷害，诬陷;

lock sb ↔ out

1. 把〔某人〕锁（关）在门外:

[+ of ]

•I locked myself out of the house!我把自己关在门外了！

cushy /adjective

1. a cushy job or life is very easy and does not need much effort轻松的，容易的:

•I wish I had a nice cushy job like her.我希望有份她那样的轻松的好工作。

【写作积累】

The culprit is old-fashioned law that stitches up labour markets, locking out young workers in order to keep insiders in cushy jobs.

9

Elsewhere, the knock-on benefits of abundant work are becoming clear. As firms compete for workers rather than workers for jobs, average wage growth is rising, pushing up

workers’ share of the pie—albeit not as fast as the extent of the boom might have suggested. Tight labour markets lead firms to fish for employees in neglected pools, including among ex-convicts, and to boost training amid skills shortages. American wonks fretted for years about how to shrink disability-benefit rolls. Now the hot labour market is doing it for them. Indeed, one attraction

of the jobs boom is its potential to help solve social ills without governments having to do or spend very much.

此外，工作数量充足的连锁反应效益逐渐显而易见。随着公司竞争人才，而不是竞争岗位，平均薪酬增长正攀升，增加了员工一杯羹——虽然其速度并未达到呈现的繁荣程度。劳动力市场人才紧俏，导致公司开始在曾被忽略的后备劳动力中寻找员工，加强技能短缺劳动力的

培训，如有前科者。多年来，美国专家一直在为如何缩减残障抚恤金而苦恼。现今如火如荼的劳动力市场为他们解决了此问题。的确，就业热潮的诱惑力之一是无需政府参与或政府支出，就有可能解决社会弊病。（增词，理解表达，用词精准）

knock-'on|adjective

(especially BrE) causing other events to happen six after another in a series

使产生连锁反应的:

The increase in the price of oil had a knock-on effect on the cost of many other goods.

石油价格上涨对其他许多商品的价格引起了连锁反应。

Push 【熟词僻义】增加/减少, T always + adv / prep增加（减少）〔数量、价值等〕:

push sth up / down

•Slow sales have pushed down orders.由于销售不畅，订单减少了。

push sth higher / lower

•New technology has pushed the cost of health care even higher.新技术提高了保健成本。

pool

【熟词僻义】(of sth) a group of people available for work when needed (统称)备用人员:

a pool of cheap labour

廉价后备劳力

fret /verb

fretted, fretting

1. 烦恼，发愁:

•Don't fret – everything will be all right.别担心

—

一切都会好的。

[+ about / over ]

•She's always fretting about the children.她老是为孩子发愁。

fret that

•men of fifty fretting that they're no longer young因不再年轻而烦恼的五十岁男人

ill【熟词僻义】 (formal) a problem or harmful thing; an illness

问题；弊端；疾病:

social / economic ills

社会/经济弊病

•He wants to cure all the ills of the world.他想除掉世上所有的弊端。

a piece / slice / share of the 'pie (金钱、利润等的)一份；一杯羹

【写作积累】

tight lobour market 劳动力市场紧俏

Ex-convict 犯前科的人

boost trainning among skills shortages 在技能缺失部分加强培训

American wonks fretted for years about how to shrink disability-benefit rolls.

多年来，美国专家一直在为如何缩减残障抚恤金而苦恼

10

Nonetheless, policymakers do have lessons to learn. Economists have again been humbled. They have consistently underestimated potential employment, leading to hesitant fiscal and monetary policy. Just as their sanguine outlook on finance in the

2000s contributed to the bust, so their mistaken pessimism about the potential for jobs growth in the 2010s has needlessly slowed the recovery.

尽管如此，政策制定者的确要引以为鉴。经济学家需温恭自虚。他们一直低估了潜在就业机会，造成在财政和货币政策方面踌躇不前。正如他们在本世纪初对金融业的乐观展望造成金融泡沫破裂，他们对本世纪头十年就业增长潜力的错误悲观情绪让经济复苏过于放缓。（语言脱壳）

sb do have lessons 吸取教训，引以为鉴

sanguine outlook

乐观展望

underestimate /verb 反义词

overestimate

1. （对…）估计不足，低估，看轻;

underestimate how / what

•We underestimated how long it would take to get there.我们低估了到那里所需的时间。

underestimate the importance / extent / effect / power etc of sth

•Never underestimate the power of the press.绝不要低估新闻界的力量。

2. 轻视，小看〔某人〕

pessimism /noun

~ (about / over sth) 悲观；悲观情绪；悲观主义:

There is a mood of pessimism in the company about future job prospects.

公司中有一种对未来职场前景悲观的情绪。

11

The left(左派） needs to accept that many of the criticisms it levels at capitalism do not fit the facts. Life at the bottom of the labour market is not joyous—far from it. However, the lot of workers is improving and entry-level jobs are a much better launch pad to something better than joblessness is. A failure to acknowledge this will lead to government intervention that is at best unnecessary and at worst jeopardises recent progress. The jobs boom seems to be partly down to welfare reforms that the likes of Mr Corbyn have vociferously opposed.

左翼人士需要承认，许多对资本主义的批评有悖事实。底层劳动力的生活凄苦——远非如此。然而，工人生活处境正在逐步改善，入门级职位也好，至少可以当作一个跳板，总好过失业。如果没认识到这一点，政府很有可能强加干预，往最好了说，这是多此一举，往最坏了说，这危及当今社会发展。就业热潮似乎部分原因是由科尔宾等人强烈反对的福利改革引起的。（语言脱壳，中文短句）

jeopardize - /verb 同义词

endanger 冒…的危险；危及；危害；损害

He would never do anything to jeopardize his career.

他决不会做任何有损于他事业的事。

Level criticism/accusations at sb （尤指公开地）对某人提出批评/指责等

The speech was intended to answer the charges levelled against him by his opponents.

他演讲的目的在于回应对手对他的公开指责。

【写作积累】

do not fit the facts 有悖事实

A failure to acknowledge sth will ... 如果没认识到......

12

The right（右派） should acknowledge that jobs have boomed without the bonfire(篝火） of regulations that typically forms its labour-market policy. In fact, labour-market rules are proliferating. And although the jury is

out on whether rising minimum wages are harming some groups, such as the young, they are not doing damage that is large enough to show up in aggregate.

右翼人士应承认，就业市场繁荣并不是国家法规（通常指构成劳动力市场政策的法规）的调控。事实上，劳动力市场规则也在层出不穷。尽管最低工资水准上涨是否会损害年轻人等一些团体的利益，还尚无定论，但至少还没有造成整体性的严重伤害。（代词理解）

13

13. The jobs boom will not last for ever. Eventually, a recession will kill it off. Meanwhile, it deserves a little appreciation.

就业热潮不会经久不衰。最终，一场经济萧条会让这场热潮偃旗息鼓。与此同时，这场就业热潮还是值得一点欣慰的。（归化）

▪

kill sb / sth ↔ 'off

1. to make a lot of plants, animals, etc. die

大量杀死,大量消灭(动植物等):

Some drugs kill off useful bacteria in the user's body.

某些药物会杀死服用者体内的有益细菌。

2. to stop or get rid of sth

使某事物停止；除掉；排除:

He has effectively killed off any political opposition.

他实际上已消灭了一切对立的政见。

【写作积累】

the jury is (still) out on sth 某事尚未最后决定:

•Is it good value? The jury is still out on that.它很值钱吗？

还没有定论。

▪ in (the) 'aggregate (formal) added together as a total or single amount

总共；作为总体

it deserves a little appreciation. 值得一点欣慰

Leaders

The great jobs boom

The rich world is enjoying an unprecedented employment bonanza, which capitalism’s critics have missed

EVERYONE SAYS work is miserable.

Today’s workers, if they are lucky enough to escape the gig economy and have a real job, have lost control over their lives. They are

underpaid and exploitedby unscrupulous bosses. And they face a precarious future, as machines threaten to make the munemployable.

引出话题：他人观点-人人都说就业情况比较悲惨：薪酬低(underpaid)，老板压榨(exploited by bosses)，不稳定的未来( a precarious future)

There is just one problem with this bleak picture: it is at odds with reality. As we report this week (see Briefing), most of the rich world is enjoying a jobs boom of unprecedented scope. Not only is work plentiful, but it is also, on average, getting better. Capitalism is improving workers’ lot faster than it has in years, as tight labour markets enhance their bargaining power. The zeitgeist has lost touch with the data.

提出正面观点：实际情况情是

发达国家出现空前就业热潮（enjoying a jobs boom of unprecedented scope.）

Just the job

In America the unemployment rate is only 3.6%, the lowest in half a century. Less appreciated is the abundance of jobs across most of the rich world. Two-thirds of the members of the OECD, a club of mostly rich countries, enjoy record-high employment among 15- to 64-year-olds. In Japan 77% of this group has a job, up six percentage points in six years. This year Britons will work a record 350bn hours a month. Germany is enjoying a bonanza of tax revenue following a surge in the size of its labour force (see article). Even in France, Spain and Italy, where joblessness is still relatively high, working-age employment is close to or exceeds 2005 levels.

数据例证：发达国家就业率上升，失业率下降

The rich-world jobs boom is partly cyclical—the result of a decade of economic stimulus and recovery since the great recession. But it also reflects structural shifts. Populations are becoming more educated. Websites are efficient at matching vacancies and qualified applicants. And ever more women work. In fact women account for almost all the growth in the rich-world employment rate since 2007. That has something to do with pro-family policies in Europe, but since 2015 the trend is found in America, too. Last, reforms to welfare programmes, both to make them less generous and to toughen eligibility tests, seem to have encouraged people to seek work.

发达国家就业热潮出现的原因：1. 经济循环周期(cyclical) 2. 结构转变(structural shift)（受教育程度，网站匹配度，女性就业增多）

3. Pro-family policy 4. 福利改革

Thanks to the jobs boom, unemployment, once the central issue of political economy, has all but disappeared from the political landscape in many countries. It has been replaced by a series of complaints about the quality and direction of work. These are less tangible and harder to judge than employment statistics. The most important are that automation is destroying opportunities and that work, though plentiful, is low-quality and precarious. “Our jobs market is being turned into a sea of insecurity,” says Jeremy Corbyn, leader of Britain’s Labour Party.

论文立靶：automation is destroying opportunities ,quality of work, job market- a sea of insecurity（precarious）

Again, reality begs to differ. In manufacturing, machines have replaced workers over a period of decades. This seems to have contributed to a pocket of persistent joblessness among American men. But across the OECD as a whole, a jobs apocalypse carried out by machines and algorithms, much feared in Silicon Valley, is nowhere to be seen. A greater share of people with only a secondary education or less is in work now than in 2000.

驳斥automation：事实并非如此：机器抢走工作现象尚未发生

It is also true that middle-skilled jobs are becoming harder to find as the structure of the economy changes, and as the service sector—including the gig economy—expands. By 2026 America will have more at-home carers than secretaries, according to official projections. Yet as labour markets hollow out, more high-skilled jobs are being created than menial ones. Meanwhile, low-end work is becoming better paid, in part because of higher minimum wages. Across the rich world, wages below two-thirds of the national median are becoming rarer, not more common.

驳斥quality of work: 介绍中低高阶层情况，工资低于国家平均水平的群体越来越少

As for precariousness, in America traditional full-time jobs made up the same proportion of employment in 2017 as they did in 2005. The gig economy accounts for only around 1% of jobs there. In France, despite recent reforms to make labour markets more flexible, the share of new hires given permanent contracts recently hit an all-time high. The truly precarious work is found in southern European countries like Italy, and neither exploitative employers nor modern technology is to blame. The culprit is old-fashioned law that stitches up labour markets, locking out young workers in order to keep insiders in cushy jobs.

分情况驳斥Precariousness: America-full-time jobs and gig economy; France -the share of new hires; southern european countries：truly precarious work

Elsewhere, the knock-on benefits of abundant work are becoming clear. As firms compete for workers rather than workers for jobs, average wage growth is rising, pushing up workers’ share of the pie—albeit not as fast as the extent of the boom might have suggested. Tight labour markets lead firms to fish for employees in neglected pools, including among ex-convicts, and to boost training amid skills shortages. American wonks fretted for years about how to shrink disability-benefit rolls. Now the hot labour market is doing it for them. Indeed, one attraction of the jobs boom is its potential to help solve social ills without governments having to do or spend very much.

就业热潮带来的连锁效应：average wage growth; fish for employess in neglected pools and boost trainning amid skills shortages; help solve social ills

Nonetheless, policymakers do have lessons to learn. Economists have again been humbled. They have consistently underestimated potential employment, leading to hesitant fiscal and monetary policy. Just as their sanguine outlook on finance in the 2000s contributed to the bust, so their mistaken pessimism about the potential for jobs growth in the 2010s has needlessly slowed the recovery.

政策制定者需要吸取教训

The left needs to accept that many of the criticisms it levels at capitalism do not fit the facts. Life at the bottom of the labour market is not joyous—far from it. However, the lot of workers is improving and entry-level jobs are a much better launch pad to something better than joblessness is. A failure to acknowledge this will lead to government intervention that is at best unnecessary and at worst jeopardises recent progress. The jobs boom seems to be partly down to welfare reforms that the likes of Mr Corbyn have vociferously opposed.

左翼人士应该意识到什么

The right should acknowledge that jobs have boomed without the bonfire of regulations that typically forms its labour-market policy. In fact, labour-market rules are proliferating. And although the jury is out on whether rising minimum wages are harming some groups, such as the young, they are not doing damage that is large enough to show up in aggregate.

右翼人士应该意识到什么

The jobs boom will not last for ever. Eventually, a recession will kill it off. Meanwhile, it deserves a little appreciation.■

作者提出结论：就业热潮

not last for ever.

文章框架

Summary

本篇Summary:

The rich world is enjoying an unprecedented employment bonanza. Less appreciated is the abundance of jobs across most of the rich world. And the unemployment rate comes down , especially3.6% in America,the lowest in half a century. The rich-world jobs boom is partly cyclical—the result of a decade of economic stimulus and recovery since the great recession. But it also reflects structural shifts. In addition, that has something to do with pro-family policies in Europe and America. Last, reforms to welfare programmes seem to encourage people to seek work. Now complaints about the quality and direction of work have been the central issues of political economy in many countries and automation is destroying opportunities and that work, though plentiful, is low-quality and precarious. Yet the author argues that reality begs to differ. Across the OECD as a whole, a jobs apocalypse carried out by machines and algorithms is nowhere to be seen; as labour markets hollow out, more high-skilled jobs are being created than menial ones. As for precariousness,

many rich countries’ labour markets are flexible except southern Europe. Elsewhere, the knock-on benefits of abundant work are becoming clear. Nevertheless, the policymaker should have lessons to learn.Economists have again been humbled. The left needs to accept that many of the criticisms it levels at capitalism do not fit the facts. The right should acknowledge that jobs have boomed without the bonfire of regulations that typically forms its labour-market policy. Finally, the author draws conclusion that the jobs boom will not last for ever.

回译背诵

1. 发达国家正经历一场史无前例的就业热潮，资本主义批评家对此浑然不觉（an unprecedented employment bonanza）

The rich world is enjoying an unprecedented employment bonanza, which capitalism’s critics have missed.

2.这幅惨淡的景象正好暴露一个问题：这与实际情况背道而驰.（at odds with）

There is just one problem with this bleak picture: it is at odds with reality.

3.经济合作发展组织（OECD）

是一个以多数发达国家组成的组织。在其三分之二的成员国中，15-64岁年龄段就业率创历史新高。（enjoy a high-record employment among ）

Two thirds of the members of the OECD, a club of mostly rich countries, enjoy a high-record employment among 15 -to 64-year -olds.

4.最后，福利项目进行改革，消减福利额度同时又强化了资格审查力度，这似乎促使人们找工作。(插入语使用）

Last, reforms to welfare programmes, both to make them less generous and to toughen eligibility tests, seem to have encouraged people to seek work.

5.同样，事实并非如此。数十年来，在制造业，机器已取代了工人。这似乎导致一小部分美国男性不断失业。( reality begs to differ, a pocket of)

Again, reality begs to differ. In manufacturing, machines have replaced workers over a period of decades. This seems to have contributed to a pocket of persistent joblessness among American men.

6在法国，尽管最近一些改革让劳动力市场更富有弹性，签订长期合同的新雇员的比例近来也创下新高。(despite介词应用, hit an all-time high)

In France, despite recent reforms to make labour markets more flexible, the share of new hires given permanent contracts recently hit an all-time high.

7.罪魁祸首是旧时法律体制，封闭了劳动力市场，将年轻人拒之门外，让内部员工安逸工作。(限定定语从句和非谓语从句使用，

culprit, stitch up, lock out）

The culprit is old-fashioned law that stitches up labour markets, locking out young workers in order to keep insiders in cushy jobs.

8.随着公司竞争人才，而不是竞争岗位，平均薪酬增长正攀升，增加了员工一杯羹——虽然其速度并未达到呈现的繁荣程度。（compete for, rather than, a share of the pie,albeit连词的应用）

As firms compete for workers rather than workers for jobs, average wage growth is rising, pushing up workers’ share of the pie—albeit not as fast as the extent of the boom might have suggested.

9.左翼人士需要承认，许多对资本主义的批评有悖事实(level criticism/accusations at sb)

The left needs to accept that many of the criticisms it levels at capitalism do not fit the facts.

10如果没认识到这一点，政府很有可能强加干预，往最好了说，这是多此一举，往最坏了说，这危及当今社会发展。就业热潮似乎部分原因是由科尔宾等人强烈反对的福利改革引起的。(A failure to acknowledge ,at best , at worst,be partly down to, the likes of，vociferously oppose，jeopardise;英文长句，定语从句应用, 时态

)

A failure to acknowledge this will lead to government intervention that is at best unnecessary and at worst jeopardises recent progress. The jobs boom seems to be partly down to welfare reforms that the likes of Mr Corbyn have vociferously opposed.

11.就业热潮不会经久不衰。最终，一场经济萧条会让这场热潮偃旗息鼓。与此同时，这场就业热潮还是值得一点欣慰的。

The jobs boom will not last for ever. Eventually, a recession will kill it off. Meanwhile, it deserves a little appreciation.

句子仿写

1. enjoy an unprecedented+ 名词

Nowadays, Chinese, our mother tongue, is enjoyingan unprecedented popularity in the world.

2. Thanks to ..

Thanks to the wonders of science, riders on Thorpe Park's new attraction, The Walking Dead, can now power their smartphones by screaming loudly. That's because there are devices on it that 'harvest kinetic energy'.

请自己仿写以下几个有关转折的句子

1.There is just one problem with this bleak picture: it is at odds with reality.

2.Again, reality begs to differ.

3.The left needs to accept that many of the criticisms it levels at capitalism do not fit the facts.

4. But this is not surely the whole story

5. There is a grain of truth to this, but it misses a bigger picture.