Learning about Language第一课时教学设计

Module 2 Unit 3 Computers Learning about language The Present Perfect Passive Voice 1.

两种时态

1) 现在完成时(have/has + 过去分词) 现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用, 如: yesterday, two weeks ago, in 1978, when I got there 等, 现在完成时常与

already, always, often, ever, never, yet, not...yet, just等不表示明确的时间副词连用, 还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since, for 的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如: now, today, this month, this year, recently, these few days 等。不能用在现在完成进行时态的动词，如：be, have, like, love, know, believe, hate等。

2) 现在完成进行时

(have/has + been + 现在分词）

2. 七种被动语态形式

1) 一般现在时的被动语态

(am/is/are+ 过去分词）

如: The work is done during two days. 2) 一般过去时的被动语态

(was/were+ 过去分词）

3) 一般将来时的被动语态

(will/shall + be + 过去分词或

+ be going to + be + 过去分词）

如: The work will be finished soon. 4) 现在进行时的被动语态

(is/am/are + being+ 过去分词）

如: The bridge is now being constructed. 5) 现在完成时的被动语态

(have/has +been + 过去分词）

如: The radio has been repaired when we phoned the shop. 6) 带情态动词的被动语态

(情态动词

+ be + 过去分词)

如: This can be done in a few minutes. 7) 动词不定式的被动式

(to be + 过去分词)

如: It is an honor for me to be asked

to speak here.

3. 现在完成时的被动语态

现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响, 其构成是: have/has been + done。例如：

1. The dirty clothes have been washed.

脏衣服都已经洗了。

2. The plan has been studied by the experts for three times. 3. The child has been taken care of by Grandma Wang all these years.

这些年来, 这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。

现在完成时被动态：

have / has + been + 动词过去分词

现在完成进行时：

have / has + been + 动词现在分词

它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上, 被动态接的是过去分词形式, 现在

完成进行时接的是现在分词形式

1. 主语是行为动作的承受者。如：

The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt.

张飞庙已经过重建。

2. 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。如: The door has been locked.

门已经被锁上了。

3. 动作或状态始于过去, 持续到现在, 并可能持续下去。如：

He has been told about it for many times.

有人告诉他这事很多次了。

（可能还会有人告诉他）

4. 用在时间和条件状语从句中, 表示将来

某时已完成的动作。如：

We’ll start as soon as the work has been finished.

工作一完成我们就立即动身。

注意：

1. 副词的位置

often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。如:

[误] Such a man has been hardly

believed.

[正] Such a man has hardly been

believed. 2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态

1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：

[误] Great changes have been taken

place in China since 1978.

[正] Great changes have taken place in

China since 1978. 2) open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：

[误] The door has been opened of itself.

[正] The door has opened of itself. 3. 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：

The SARS patients have been taken good care of. 4. 一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，

则需改换动词或时态。如：

My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.

How long has this book been bought?

How long ago was this book bought? 被动语态的用法：

(1) 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。

如: Some new computers were stolen last night.

一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。

(不知道电脑是谁偷的)

This book was published in 1981.

这本书出版于1981年。

(2) 强调动作的承受者, 而不强调动作的执行者。

如: The window was broken by Mike.

窗户是迈克打破的。

This book was written by him.

这本书是他写的。

主动语态变被动语态的方法：

(1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2) 把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)

(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。

(3) 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语, 将主格改为宾格。例如：

All the people laughed at him.

He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory.

The bikes are made by them in the factory.

歌诀是:宾变主, 主变宾, by短语后面跟。

谓语动词变被动, be后“过分”来使用。

4) 双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语，

另一个保留不动。

主动：I have given him the key. 被动：He has been given the key. 被动：The key has been given (to) him. 5) 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 只能将宾语变为主语, 原来的宾补保留不动，

改称主语补足语。

主动：I have asked her to help you. 被动：She has been asked to help you.

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