Using LanguageⅠppt配套教案和课堂实录

Unit 4 Exploring plants 语法篇

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1. 掌握宾语定义并能区分直接宾语与间接宾语；

2. 复习掌握常考接双宾语的动词并熟练运用；

3. 复习掌握非谓语动词作宾语的规律；

一. 宾语的定义及构成

宾语是及物动词后的一个成分，表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。可以用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动词不定式、-ing形式、复合结构和从句。

二. 非谓语动词作宾语

1. 通常只能接动词-ing

形式作宾语的动词(或动词短语)：

建议抵制享受——(suggest，

advise；

resist；

enjoy)

考虑承认冒险——(consider；

admit；

risk) 避免推迟实践——(avoid；

delay；

practice)

期待成功完成——(look forward to；

succeed in；

finish) 2. 通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词：

agree (同意)；

offer (提出)；

intend，

plan (打算，计划)；

demand，

ask (要求)；

promise (答应)；

help (帮忙)；

prepare (准备)；

decide (决定)；

refuse (拒绝)；

dare (敢于)；

choose (选择)；

wish，hope，want，

expect (希望，想要)；

fail （不能；忘记）；

pretend (假装)；

manage (设法)；

determine （决心）

同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。

准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。

不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心坚。

3. 既能接不定式，又能接动词-ing 形式，除begin ，continue ，like ，dislike，

love，

prefer ，start

基本没有区别也有意思不同的动词或词组：

即“四‘记’”“力争”“不后悔”。四“记”指“记得、记住（remember）”；“忘记（forget）”“计划、打算（mean）”；“继续（go on)”；力争指“try”；“不”“后悔”指stop与regret。

三. 宾语从句

在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员，在复合句中作主句谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。

在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如： I know the man. 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如： I know that the man is a policeman.

主句

引导词

从句

1. 宾语从句三大块:

1). 宾语从句的引导词

由that，if，whether和连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导. 2). 宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序

3). 宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应

2. 特殊情况：

1). 从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍用现在时。

Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.

He told the boy that three and three is six.

Could you tell me where the bookshop is. 2). 从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。

The teacher told me she was born in 1960. 四. 直接引语变间接引语（容易忽视的变化）

1. 变人称：

1) “一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。

2) “二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称。

3) “第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化。

2. 变时态：如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：

1）

一般现在时变为一般过去时

2）

现在进行时变为过去进行时

3）

一般将来时变为过去将来时

4）

现在完成时变为过去完成时

5）

一般过去时变为过去完成时

6）

过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时

但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。

①

直接引语是客观真理。

"The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. →

The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。

②

直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。

Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"→

Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。

③

直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。

Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" →

Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。

④

直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。

He said, "I get up at six every morning。" →

He said he gets up at six every morning。

⑤

如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，

had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。

Peter said. "You had better come have today。" →

Peter said I had better go there that day。

3. 代词等一般地应作相应的变化。

1) 指示代词

this ---that

these--- those

2) 表示时间的词

now --- then

today--- that day

this week(month ,etc) ----that week (month ,etc) yesterday ----the day before

last week(month) --- the week(month) before three days(a year)ago---three days(a year)before

tomorrow ----the next (following ) day

next week(month)--the next(following)week(month) 3) 表地点的词

here --there

4) 动词

bring -- take

come –go 五. 双宾语动词

1. 通常为

“间接宾语

+ 直接宾语”

He doesn't own me anything. She asked me whether I had been there before. I warned you he would be late. Give me it. / Give it to me. They told us where to shop cheaply. 2. 间接宾语后移, 间接宾语用to或for引出: They give it to John. He sold his old car to one of his neighbors. I have bought some chocolate for you. Give the dictionary to me, please. **用to侧重指动作的方向, 表示朝着, 向着, 对着某人。用for侧重指动作的受益者, 表示为了某人, 替某人。

3. 常跟双宾语的动词分类总结：

1) 需借助to的: bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, read, return, send, show, teach, tell, ask, leave, mail, throw, take, write等。

2) 需借助for的: build, buy, call, change, cook, choose, do, draw, envy, fetch, find, forgive, gain, get, make, order,

play (演奏), sing, save, spare, win等。

1. You probably can’t resist the __________ (tempt) of a cigarette.

解析：分析句子成分，the __________ (tempt) of a cigarette 是及物动词resist的宾语，空格前有定冠词the，修饰名词。故所给单词tempt（动词，“诱惑”）用名词形式temptation。

答案：

temptation 2. Are you giving up _________ (smoke)?

解析：分析句子，根据非谓语动词作宾语规则，give up（放弃）后接-ing形式。

答案：

smoking 3. We should help ________ (poor). 解析：分析句子成分，空格作help的宾语。所给是形容词poor，可以与the连用变成名词。the poor 穷人。

答案：

the poor 4. —

How many brothers do you have?

— I have _______ (4). 解析：根据语境，是数词作宾语。

答案：

four 5. I want _____________ (make a face) and frighten ____(你). 解析：分析句子成分，谓语动词为want，后接to do形式作宾语；人称代词you作frighten的宾语。

答案：

to make a face; you 6. Are you nervous? Do you mind _______ (taste) a spider? 解析：分析句子，taste作动词mind的宾语，用-ing形式。

答案：

tasting 7. You are so busy! I wonder how you can manage __________ (phone) two at the same time. 解析：分析句子，phone作manage的宾语，用to do形式。

答案：

to phone 8. I love plants and I love _____________ (take care of) plants. 解析：love后的宾语可以是-ing形式，也可以是to do形式。根据语境，表示习惯性行为，用-ing合适。

答案：

taking care of 9. I think _____ it is the smallest baby in the world. 解析：think后接句子作宾语，分析从句，不缺少充分，只起引导作用。故用that。

答案：

that

10. What a sea of people! I can’t find ______you are.

解析：句意“人山人海啊！我找不到你在哪”。分析句子，缺少宾语从句引导词，而且从句缺少表语，根据语境，故where合适。

答案：

where

基础演练

一. 请翻译下列句子，并用心体会动词不定式和动词-ing 形式的不同含义。

1. The doctor tried to cure the woman of her illness, so he tried treating her with a new medicine.

2. The teacher asked us to go on reading the text instead of going on to do the exercises.

3. What a poor memory! I forgot borrowing money from him yesterday. But today I forgot to return the money to him again.

4. When the teacher said angrily, “Stop talking, children”, the pupils stopped to write their compositions.

5. I regretted to tell him that he had been dismissed. To my surprise, he said to me, “I am not sad, I only regret having taken the wrong job.”

6. — Remember to return the bat to me. — But I remember having returned it to you. 二. 把下列直接引语变为间接引语

1. He said: “I’ve left my book in my room.”

→

2. She said: “He will be busy.”

→

3. She said to Tom, “Can you help me?”

→

4. She asked, “Is this book yours or his?”

→

5. The teacher asked, “how did you repair it?”

→

6. The teacher said to the students, “Don’t waste your time.”

→

7. The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.”

→

8. The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.”

→

9. My father said, “Practice makes perfect.”

→

10. The boy said to us, “ I usually get up at six every day.”

→

11. He said, “We are still students.’

→

12. He said to me, “I was born in 1978.”

→

13. The engineer said, “I was at college in 1967.”

→

14. He said, “I have studied English since I was a boy.”

→

15. She said, “I read the book while I was waiting for a bus.

→

16. Mr. Green said to them, “Joe

told me all about his story when he asked for a job.”

→

17. He said, “We insisted that she start immediately.

→

18. She said, “He demanded that the girl leave at once.”

→

19. I said to him, “I have finished it.”

→

20. She said to us,“ I’ll come here tomorrow.”

→

21. “Where does your chemistry teacher live, Karen?” the young man asked.

→

22. “I have gained the first place in the mathematics competition,” the little boy said happily.

→

23. “Light travels faster than sound,” the physics teacher said to the boys and girls.

→

24. “Will you go to the concert with me this evening?” Mary asked me.

→

25. “What did you do here yesterday?” the old man asked my brother.

→

Keys: 一. 1. 医生千方百计来治这位妇女的病，为此他尝试用一种新药来为她治疗。

2. 老师没有让我们做练习，而是要我们继续读课文。

3. 我的记性真差!我先是忘了昨天向他借过钱，而今天又忘了把钱还给他。

4. 老师生气地说，“别说了，

孩子们”，同学们这才停下来开始写作文。

5. 我遗憾地告诉他,他被开除了。使我惊讶的是，他对我说，“我不伤心，我只是后悔选错了工作”。

6. —

记住把拍子还给我。

—

可是我记得我已经把它还给你了。

二. 1. He told me that he had left his book in his room.

2. She said that he would be busy.

3. She asked Tom if /whether he could help her.

4. She asked me whether that book was mine or his.

5. The teacher asked me how I had repaired it.

6. The teacher told the students not to waste their time.

7. The mother asked Tom to get up early.

8. The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

9. My father said practice makes perfect.

10. The boy told us he usually gets up at six every day.

11. He said they are still students.

12. He told me that he was born in 1978.

13. The engineer said he was at college in 1967.

14. He said he had studied English since he was a boy.

15. She said she had read the book while she was waiting for a bus.

16. Mr. Green told them Joe had told him all about his story when he asked for a job.

17. He said they (had) insisted that she start immediately.

18. She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.

19. I told him I had finished it.

20. She told us she would come here tomorrow

21. The young man asked Karen where her chemistry teacher lived.

22. The little boy said happily that he had gained the first place in the mathematics competition.

23. The physics teacher told the boys and girls that light travels faster than sound.

24. Mary asked me if / whether I would go to the concert with her that evening.

25. The old man asked my brother what he had done there the day before. 巩固提高

1. Our teacher asked us _____ our dictionaries to school. A. bring

B. brought

C. bring

D. to bring 2. The teacher told the boy students ______ football on the grass. A. not play

B. not to play

C. played

D. playing 3. ____ Tom didn’t go to school? A. Do you know how

B. Why do you know

C. How you know why

D. Do you know why 4. She looks sad. Could you please tell me _____ that prevents her from being as happy as before?

A. what it is

B. it is what

C. how it is

D. it is how 5. Betty asked her sister ____ to the railway station to see her off. A. not to come

B. not to go

C. to not come

D. to not go 6. The pupil asked his teacher _____ round the earth. A. weather the moon goes

B. that the moon went C. whether the moon goes

D. whether the moon went 7. Mr. Li ____ Wang Ling ____ a taxi to the airport. A. asked; take

B. asked; taking

C. told; take

D. told; to take 8. She asked him ____. A. whose dictionary this is

B. whose dictionary that was C. whose dictionary is this

D. whose dictionary that is 9. Mary’s mother asked her _____. A. that whether she had finished her homework

B. if she has finished her homework C. if she had finished her homework

D. that if she had finished her homework 10. Do you know ____? A. what is he doing B. what he doing

C. what he is doing D. what does he do now 11. I don’t know ____ to learn English. A. when did he begin

B. when he began

C. he when began

D. when he begins 12. He asked me ____. A. how would the weather be like tomorrow

B. what the weather would be like the next day C. how the weather would be like tomorrow

D. what would the weather be like the next day 13. You can’t imagine ____ when they received these nice Spring Festival presents. A. how excited they were

B. how excited were they

C. how they were excited

D. they were how excited 14. She told me that she ____ by her relatives at the bus stop. A. had been seen off

B. have seen off

C. have been seen off

D. had seen off 15. Do you remember how many times ____ to Australia? A. had you been

B. did you go

C. have you been

D. you have been 16. Can you guess ____? A. what is that man

B. who that man is

C. whom that man is D. who is that man 17. More and more students and teachers have began to know ____. A. how important the foreign language are

B. how the foreign language is important C. how important the foreign language is

D. how important is the foreign language 18. The hostess said that it ___ time that they ___ supper. A. was; had

B. was; had had

C. is; have

D. is; have had 19. The boss asked his secretary ____ he had finished typing the report ____. A. if; or not

B. if; not

C. whether; or not

D. whether; not

20. I wonder how much _____. A. does he spend on his car

B. did he spend on his car

C. he spent on his car

D. he spent in his car Keys：

1—5DBDAB; 6—10CDBCC；11—15BBAAD；16—20BCACC

一. 挑出下列句中的宾语

①

My brother hasn't done his homework. ②

People all over the world speak English. ③

You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ④

How many new words did you learn last class? ⑤

Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥

The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. ⑦

They made him monitor of the class. ⑧

Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. ⑨

You will find it useful after you leave school. ⑩

They didn't know who "Father Christmas"

really is. 二. 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语

①

Please tell us a story. ②

My father bought a new bike for me last week. ③

Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. ④

Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. ⑤

Did he leave any message for me? 三. 用所给动词的适当形式填空

1. After two hours' discussion, the manager decide

(end) the meeting. 2. There are so many unusual things in the museum, it’s worth

again (visit) 3. It is not easy

(learn) a foreign language 4. We are glad

(see) you again. 5. We say him

(play) football outside. 6. He spends much time

(read) story-book. 7. We enjoy

(read) books in our spare time. 8.

(read) in bed is bad for your eyes. 9.

Life is long if you know how

(use) 10. Are you interested in

(collect) stamps? 11. Do you enjoy

(live) in China? 12. Jim asked me

(help) him with his lessons.

13. He wants

(borrow) a book from the school library. 14. You’d better

(not be) late for the meeting next time. 15. He went to bed after he finished

(write) the letter. 16. The wife told her husband

(drive) too fast. 17. It’s best

(wear) warm clothes in winter. 18. “

(open) your books and turn to Page 5,please” the teacher said.

19. Walk along this road, and take the first

(turn) on the right. 20. Look at the boys, they are busy

the young tree to the top the stick (tie). 21. I’d like

(have) a glass of water, please? 22. Everything begins

(grow) in spring. 23. I have quite a lot of homework

(do). 24. Don’t forget

(tell) him about this. 25. The boy is too young

(go) to school. 26. Why not

(come) to work a little early? 27. They went

(fish) the day before yesterday. 28. I do some

(wash) every Sunday. 29. If the population keeps growing so fast, there will be only

room on the earth (stand). 30. When did you learn

(skate)? 31. Would you like me

you move that desk?(help) 32. What about

(go) out for a swim? 33. It’s time for class. Please stop

(talk). 34. Let’s

(play) games, shall we? 35. It’s time

(have) supper. 36. Thank you very much for

(teach) us so well. 37 .Did they have a school

(meet) yesterday? 38. I hope

(be) a scientist when I grow up. 39. Some of the questions are hard

(answer). 40. Robinson was ready

(cross) the sea. 41. It’ll take you twenty minutes

(go) there by bike. 42. I’m very pleased

(see) you again. 43. Would you like something

(drink)? 44. What makes you

(think) I am a doctor? 45. Her brother gave her a

(shop) basket. 46. I’m sorry

(keep) you

(wait) so long. 47. Does she like

(sing) after class. 48. It was nice

(talk) to you. 49. Would you please

(go) there with me?

50. It’s dangerous

(play) in the street. Keys: 一. ①

homework. ②

English. ③

attention

④

words

⑤

to go swimming ⑥

he was ill.

⑦

him monitor

⑧

bridge

museum ⑨

it

school.

⑩

who"Father Christmas"really is. 二. ①

us, 间接宾语

a story, 直接宾语

②

me, 间接宾语

a new bike, 直接宾语

③

us, 间接宾语

history, 直接宾语

④

Tom, 间接宾语

it, 直接宾语

⑤

me, 间接宾语

message, 直接宾语

三. 1. to end

2. visiting

3. to learn

4. to see

5. playing

6. reading

7. reading

8. Reading

9. to use

10. collecting

11. living

12. to help

13. to borrow

14. not be

15. writing

16. not to drive

17. to wear

18. Open

19. turning

20. tying

21. to have

22. to grow

23. to do

24. to tell

25. to go

26. come

27. fishing

28. washing

29. standing

30. to skate

31. to help

32. going

33. talking

34. play

35. to have

36. teaching

37.meeting

38. to be

39. to answer

40. to cross

41. to go

42. to see

43. to drink

44. think

45. shopping

46. to keep; waiting

47. singing

48. talking

49. go

50. to playing

_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________

一. 完型填空

Wallet Back This is a story about a learning experience that had a big effect on the way that I live my life. The ____1___in the story did not give me tests or even grade me on my work.

I was taught by one of the most effective ___2___ of teaching, one that only people with lots of love can do. “My wallet! Where is it？” were my first words___3___ I found my wallet was missing. I ____4___ my memory for a few good seconds, then realized that I had left my precious wallet in the library’s public ___5___! Because the library was now __6__, I had to wait until the next morning to look for it. When I got there the next day, all I found was a clean restroom. This was the first time I could remember ever ___7___ to see a clean restroom. As I walked out, I looked at myself in the mirror and shook my head at the ___8____ fool in front of me. I politely ___9____ the librarian at the front desk and asked her if a wallet had been found in the restroom yesterday. “No.” That was that. I walked off with a sense of ____10____. I __11___ what I would do if I had found a wallet containing sixty dollars, a phone card and many other irreplaceable ___12____things. Finally, I ___13___ accepted the fact that my wallet was gone. A week later, I received a ___14____ in the mail. it was my wallet And most ___15____,

nothing

was missing! But there was a little yellow sheet of paper folded up in one of the wallet pockets that had not been there before. I slowly unfolded the paper, which ___16____something like this: When we continue to help around, we will live in a larger and more rewarding world. This person didn’t even leave a return address. So I couldn’t ___17___whoever it was. From that day on, I __18__ myself that I will follow this ___19___ and help others and make them as ___20__ as I was

when I opened that parcel! 1. A. leader 2. A. aids 3. A. once 4. A. searched 5. A. canteen 6. A. closed 7. A. hoping 8. A. grateful 9. A. approached 10. A. safety 11. A. described 12. A. personal 13. A. gladly 14. A. letter 15. A. sincerely 16. A. read 17. A. owe 18. A. supported 19. A. plan 20. A. shocked 二. 书面表达

第一节

你的英国朋友Tim打算暑假来北京学习汉语，来信向你咨询你校国际版的汉语课程。请你根据以下提示给他写一封信。

1.

为汉语初学者开设，每班10人

2.

注重听说

3.

安排与中国学生交流活动

注意：1. 词数不少于50 2. 可适当增加情节

3. 开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数

Hi Tim，

Yours Steve

第二节

B. writer B. systems B. when B. improved B. lounge B. deserted B. hating B. curious B. interviewed B. forgiveness B. wondered B. strange B. naturally B. note B. amazingly B. printed B. thank B. suggested B. course B. cautions C. teacher C. materials C. before C. developed C. restroom C. crowded C. refusing C. forgetful C. identified C. satisfaction C. discovered C. surprising C. willingly C. package C. honestly C. explained C. admire C. improved C. regulation C. delighted D. scholar D. methods D. since D. recorded D. showroom D. occupied D. preferring D. nervous D. reminded D. disappointment D. expressed D. reasonable D. painfully D. suitcase D. obviously D. wrote D. inspire D. promised D. example D. optimistic

假设你是红星中学高三（1）班的学生李华。上周你班组织志愿活动，清理地铁内小广告和垃圾，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，用英语写一篇周记，记述从讨论到活动实施的全过程。

注意：1. 周记的开头已经写好

2. 词数不少于60 提示词：小广告adlets Last week, our glass organized a voluntary activity in subway cars.___________________.

Keys: 一.

CDBAC

ABCAD

BADCB

ABDDC 二.

第一节

Hi Tom,

I am glad you are interested in the Chinese course of our international class.

This course is specially designed for beginners like you, focusing on listening and speaking practice. There will be only ten students in each class. You will love it because the course is educational and fun. Besides, you can also take part in some activities and communicate with Chinese students. That will surely be a good chance for you to learn more about China.

I hope it will be helpful. If you need more information, just let me know.

Yours Steve 第二节

Last week, our glass organized a voluntary activity in subway cars. On Friday, we, held a class meeting to discuss what we could do at the weekend. Some suggested telling passengers to keep the subway cars clean, while others preferred to pick up adlets and litter. Finally we decided to do the latter.

At 9:00 on Sunday morning, plastic bags in our hands, we gathered at the school gate and headed for the subway station. Upon arrival, we started to work. It was not so easy as we had expected because some

adlets were stuck to the floor and seats. Seeing what we were doing, many passengers smiled at us in approval. Soon the subway cars became clean again. Two hours later, our work was finished. When we piled the litter bags on the platform, a conductor praised us with her thumb up. Though tired, we, felt proud and happy.

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