Learning about Language教学目标

名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组，名词从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一．主语从句

1.作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether, if和连接代词what, who, which, whatever,whoever以及连接副词how, when, where, why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用。连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。主语从句要求使用陈述句语序。

What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well.

How he was successful is still a puzzle.

That he is going aboard made him excited.

Where the English party will be held has not yet been announced. 注：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。

It is interesting that you like him.

It is a pity that you can not go to the party tonight. 2.

连接词的选用

（1）that和what的选用

that和what都可引导主语从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作 从句的主语、宾语或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。 What he wants is a book. 他想要的是一本书。

That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知，光线沿直线运行。

（2）if和whether的选用

引导主语从句，不能用if，只能用whether。如：

Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.

（3）其它连接代词和副词的选用

根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择who, which, when, where, why, how等连接词，这些连接词

既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。如：

When we shall hold our sports meet is not decided.

Who broke the glass yesterday is not clear.

Which car you will choose to buy makes no difference. （4）whatever / whoever的功用

whatever, whoever在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。

whatever =no matter what= anything that; whoever = no matter who=anyone who.

Whoever breaks the law should be punished. （主语从句）

＝Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.

Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （让步状语从句）

＝No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.

二．宾语从句

名词用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以做谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。

1.由连接词that引导的宾语从句

由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式语体中通常可以省略，但如果从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。

He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. We must never think(that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 注：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist、request、desire、command等表示要求，命令，建议，决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”。

I insist that she (should) do her work alone.

The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 2.用who，whom，which，whose，what，when，where，why，how，whoever，whatever，whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句时，注意语序是陈述语序。

I want to know what he has told you.

She always thinks of how she can work well.

She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 3.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主语动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。

I know (that) he will study English next year.(从句用一般现在时）

当主句动词是过去时态（could、would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态，当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理自然现象，则从句仍然用现在时。

The teacher told me that Tom had left us for America.

The teacher told me that the earth goes around the sun. 4.think, believe, imagine, suppose, expect等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，注意否定转移。

We don’t think you are here.

I don’t believe he will do so.

三．表语从句

在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于系动词后，有时用as if 引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句。

The fact is that we have lost the game.

That’s just what I want.

This is where our problem lies.

It looks as if it is going to rain. 注：当主语是reason时表语从句要用that引导而不是because.

The reason why he was late was that he missed the train. 四．同位语从句

同位语从句说明其前面名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导。

The news that our women volleyball team had won the championship.

I've come from Mr Wang with a message that he won't be able to see you this afternoon.

注：在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接。

We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.

There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise. 我们相信张卫会守信的。

五、同位语从句与定语从句的用法区别

That 作为关系代词可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省。试比较下

面两句话。

I have no idea that you were here.(that 引导同位语从句，不可省）

I have you got the idea (that) this book gives you of life in accident Greece.(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省）

一、单项选择：

1. _______ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.

A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 2. __________ we can’t get seems better than __________ we have.

A. What, what B. What, that C. That, that D. That, what 3.It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning gray.

A .while B. that C. if D. for 4.---Do you remember __________ he came? ---Yes, I do, he came by car.

A. how B. when C. that D. if 5.Go and get your coat. It's ____ you left it.

A. there B. where C. there where D. where there 6.It is generally considered unwise to give a child •__________ he or she wants.

A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 7.Can you tell me __________ ?

A. who is that woman

C. whom is the woman

B. who the woman is D. that woman is

8.The fact ______ she works hard is well known to us all.

A. that B. what C. why D. which 9.The mountain is no longer _______ it used to be.

A. which B. that C. as D. what 10.Jack said _______ to meet the American friends.

A. which he pleased

C. that he was pleased

B. he is pleased D. what he was pleased 11.Lei Feng was always thinking of •____ •he •could •help others.

A. that B. how C. whom D. which 12.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _________ when he _________ at the party.

A. left; had arrived

B. left; arrived D. had left; arrived

C. had left; had arrived 13.The question is __________ you should do next.

A. what

B. that

C. how

D. Why 14.I know nothing about her but __________ she is from Canada.

A. how

B. when

C. that D. why 15.It depends on __________ we have enough time.

A. if B. if or not C. that D. whether 16._________ he doesn't like them is very clear.

A. What

B. That

C. Which

D. Where 17.---The green typewriter is mine.

--- Do you know whose typewriter __________?

A. is this blue one

B. this blue one D. this blue one is

C. it is this blue one

18.The reason ____ nothing on earth is motionless •is _____ the earth is in constant motion(运动).

A. why; that

B. that; why

C. of; that

D. that; because 19.__________ proves that my advice is right.

A. It will happen that

C. What has happened

B. That has happened D. When it happens 20. What a pity __________ is _________ you didn't arrive by day.

A. there; because

B. it; that

C. he; when

D. that; for 21.---•I believe _____you've done your best and _____ things will happen.

---Thank you.

A. That; /

B./; /

C. what; that

D./; that 22.Please give the book to ____ wins the first prize.

A. who

B. whom

C. whoever 23.The fire destroyed ____ was in the building.

A. all

B. what

C. that

D. which D. whomever 24.The question he asked was ____•the electrical equipment should be stored.

A. what

B. which

C. where

D. because 25.These photographs will show you ____.

A. what our village looks like

B. what does our village look like

C. how our village looks like

D. how does our village look like 26. A man's worth lies not so much in ______ he •has •as in _______ he is.

A. that; what B. what; what

C. that; that

D. what; that 27.•________I told you just now was ________ had been• written in the letter.

A. What; what B. That; that

C. Whether D. If; who 28.__________studies hard will pass the examination.

A. Whoever

B. Any student

C. Who

D. Those who 29.Does __________matter if he can't finish the job in time?

A. it B. this

C. that

D. he 30._________ is unknown to us all.

A. Where did he get it

C. That where he got

B. Where he got it D. Which he got it 二、填空

31._______ he will be sent to Hainan is certain. 32.It isn't decided yet _______ we will attend the meeting. 33. _____ they have won the game made us excited. 34.The gentleman insisted that he _______ the wallet. 35.You can write about _________ topic you like. 36.__________ think will take care of the children?

37.He'd like to know what _________ today. 38.--Is that your watch?

--No, I can't tell ________. 39.No one can be sure ________ in a million years.

40.I'd like to know __________ tomorrow.

41. I wonder __________ to come here and •get my false teeth fixed.

42.I don't doubt________ my friend, •John •will •come •to China soon.

43.Who is _________ spoke first?

44.---- Do you see why the machine doesn't work?

---- Sorry, let's ask the engineer ____. 45.You may choose one from _________ was left. 46.____ get this machine?

47.The point is _________ we will have our sports meet next week.

48.He got the highest •marks •in •the •exam. It was all•__________ he has worked too hard.

49.Go and get your coat. It's _______ you left it.

50.The reason why he failed is _______ he was too careless.

参考答案

单选： 1-5AABAB

6-10BBADC

11-15BDACD

16-20BDACB 21-25DCBCA•26-30BAAAB•

填空：

31. That

32. whether

33. That 34. had not seen 35.

whatever

36.

who do you

37. the weather looks like 38. whose that watch is

39.

what man will look like 40. what the weather is like 41. how many times I have 42.

whether 43. it that 44. what is the matter

45. what

50. that

46. Where do you think we can 47. that 48. because 49. where