Learning about Language课时教案

本文档来源于第一文库网：http://www.wenku1.com/view/C43C98B261381C08.html 高中定语从句全面详细讲解附练习题加答案[1]

高中定语从句详细讲解

一

定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。汉语中常用„……的‟表示。

定语主要由形容词担任。此外名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式（短语）、分词也可以做定语。

a beautiful city; a bag full of money.注意：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，

若是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，thirty women teachers ; his father; the girl in red. the boy from America Our monitor is always the first student to enter the classroom.;falling leaves; fallen leaves; the boy playing basketball; the book bought by my mother; a reading room; a swimming pool; He is the man who you are looking for. 二：定义及相关术语

1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。

2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。

3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why. 指出下列句子中的定语从句，主句、先行词及关系词并翻译。

1.This is the book that I want to read. 2.This is the only one of the guests that comes from the USA. 3.The letter which I received yesterday was from my father. 4. The dog which was lost has been found. 用心打造免费、绿色、专业、海量的教育文库网站 www.wenku1.com

本文档来源于第一文库网：http://www.wenku1.com/view/C43C98B261381C08.html 5.Here comes the girl who wants to see you. 6.Mr. Li is a man who we should learn from. 7.Do you know the woman who he is talking to? 8.Rose is the person whom you should look after. 9.I know the person whose company produces computers. 10.I like the house whose windows face south. 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句，连接主从句；B、指代先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。

1.Do you know the man? The man is speaking to the headmaster just now. 2.The nurse is kind. The nurse looks after my sister. 三：关系代词的用法

关系代词

先行词

在定语从句中担任的成分

that 人/物

主宾表

which 物/整个主句

主宾

who 人

主宾

whom 人

宾

whose 人/物

定

as 人/物/整个主句

主宾表

注意：1. whose+n.= the + n. + of which/whom = of which/whom + the + n. a.I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. b.The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. 用心打造免费、绿色、专业、海量的教育文库网站 www.wenku1.com

本文档来源于第一文库网：http://www.wenku1.com/view/C43C98B261381C08.html c. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? http://www.wenku1.com/view/C43C98B261381C08.html

2. who和whom的区别：作主语时只能用who, 做宾语时，用whom是正式表达法，用who是非正式表达法。若作介词宾语，且介词提前，只能用whom. 只用that 不用which的情况：

1．当先行是everything, anything, nothing (something 外), all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等不定代词修饰时。Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. All that can be done has been done. 。

2．当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. This is the best film that I have ever seen. 3．当先行词被the very, the only修饰时。This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owns. 4．当先行词即有人又有物时。如：They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school 5．在以疑问词 who, which,what等开头的疑问句里。如：Who is the man that is standing by the gate? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6. 主句是there be结构时，修饰其主语的定语从句。There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 7.当引导词在定语从句中作表语时。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be. 用心打造免费、绿色、专业、海量的教育文库网站 www.wenku1.com

本文档来源于第一文库网：http://www.wenku1.com/view/C43C98B261381C08.html 只用which不用that的情况：1.当关系代词前有介词时。 This is a book____ we have talked about a lot. This is a book about____ we have talked a lot. 2.引导非限制性定语从句时。The novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 3.当先行词是that或those，或由that或those 修饰时。

只用who不用that的情况：1.当先行词one, ones, anyone, all, those指人时2.在there be 结构中，主语是人时，引导词用who. 四：关系副词的用法

1． when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。当先行词是表时间的名词，比如time, day, week, month, year等；且定语从句中缺时间状语时用when. 若先行词是表时间的名词，定语从句中缺主语或宾语时，用that/which引导。 I still remember the day _____ I first came to this school. I will never forget the days ______ we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days _______ we spent together. 2． where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。若先行词是表地点的名词，比如park, city, farm, place等；且定语从句中缺地点状语时用where. 若先行词是表地点的名词，定语从句中缺主语或宾语时，用that/which引导。 Shanghai is the city _____ I was born. I visited the farm ______ a lot of cows were raised . Shanghai is the city ______ I want to visit. I know a place ______ is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. 3． why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。若先行词是reason; 且定语从句中缺原因状语时，用why引导。若先行词是reason，定语从句中缺主语或宾语，用which/that引导。Please tell me the reason _____ you missed the plane. 用心打造免费、绿色、专业、海量的教育文库网站 www.wenku1.com

本文档来源于第一文库网：http://www.wenku1.com/view/C43C98B261381C08.html I don‟t know the reason _____ he looks unhappy today. I didn’t believe the reason ______ he explained to me 注意：1.when/where/why=介词+which 2.当先行词是case, point, situation, condition, stage, position等表示抽象的地点、地步、条件、形势、环境、地位等含义的名词时，我们通常使用关系副词where. They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.

http://www.wenku1.com/list/定语从句练习题及答案3. the way为先行词时，若定语从句中缺方式状语，定语从句通常由in which或that引导，还可以省略。若定语从句中缺主语或宾语，用（that/which）引导。

The way _______ he answered the questions was surprising. What surprised me was not what he said but the way______he did it. I don’t like the way ______ he told me. The way_____ he explained to us was quite simple. 五：“介词+关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句

The school _____ he once studied in is very famous. The school in _____ he once studied is very famous. We’ll go to hear the famous singer ______ we have often talked about. We‟ll go to hear the famous singer about ______ we have often talked. The snake ______ almost everyone is afraid of is dangerous. The snake of ______ almost everyone is afraid is dangerous. The manager whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 用心打造免费、绿色、专业、海量的教育文库网站 www.wenku1.com

本文档来源于第一文库网：http://www.wenku1.com/view/C43C98B261381C08.html The manager in ______ company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 注意：1.若介词前置，关系代词指人时只能用whom；关系代词指物时只能用which。并且关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时不能省。

look for, look after, take care of 等。

This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking . (误) 3.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等不定代词、数词、名词、最高级等。如：

He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad. Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life. I live in a house, the door of which faces south. Our university has many laboratories, the largest of which was built last year. 介词的选定： 1.根据先行词选介词 2.根据从句中谓语动词，形容词的固定搭配中的介词 3.根据句意

The colorless gas is called oxygen, _______ which we could not live. 六：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句

形式上：不用逗号“，”与主句隔开。

意义上：是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。

译法上：译成先行词的定语：“．．．的”

关系词的使用上：A．作宾语时可省略 B．可用that C.可用why 用心打造免费、绿色、专业、海量的教育文库网站 www.wenku1.com

本文档来源于第一文库网：http://www.wenku1.com/view/C43C98B261381C08.html 先行词上：先行词只能是名词或代词。

非限制性定语从句

形式上：用逗号“，”与主句隔开。

意义上：只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。

译法上：通常译成主句的并列句。

关系词的使用上：A．不可省略 B．不用that C. 用for which 代替why

http://www.wenku1.com/list/高中定语从句讲解先行词上：

先行词除了名词或代词，还可以是整个主句。

The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. This house, which we bought last month, is very nice. Jack often comes late for school, which makes his teacher angry. 七：as引导定语从句

1.在限制性定语从句中，当先行词前出现such, so, as, the same等词时，定语从句要用as引导。as为关系代词。

Such things as Mr. White said are usually untrue. I have never read so/as interesting a book as you have talked about. I have just bought the same book as I saw the other day. 区别such/so...as... 和such/so...that... This is such a heavy stone that no one can lift it. This is such a heavy stone as no one can lift. 区别the same...that...和the same...as... I have bought the same watch as you have. This is the same watch that I lost. 用心打造免费、绿色、专业、海量的教育文库网站 www.wenku1.com

本文档来源于第一文库网：http://www.wenku1.com/view/C43C98B261381C08.html 2.as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，其先行词是整个主句。常可译为“正如”。as we know as is known as we expect as is expected as I can remember as can be remembered as we suppose as is supposed as often happens as is often the case As is known to us all, the earth turns around the sun. 3.as与which指代整个主句时的区别： a. as引导的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，which引导的从句只放在主句后。

b. as有“正如”的意思，而which没有。Which一般译为and this这一点，这。 c. 当非限制性定语从句为否定句时，常用which. Tom drink a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all. He made a long speech, which was unexpected. He made a long speech, as we expected. 八：如何判断定语从句用关系代词还是关系副词

方法一：

用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 方法二：关系词的选择依据先行词在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、宾语、表语或定语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)先行词在从句中做

状语时，应选择关系副词

1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 用心打造免费、绿色、专业、海量的教育文库网站 www.wenku1.com

本文档来源于第一文库网：http://www.wenku1.com/view/C43C98B261381C08.html 2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one 做定语从句题一般分三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。

1. I, ___your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A.who is B.who am C.that is D.which am 2. The old man has two sons, ___are lawyers. A.both of them B.both of who C.both of whom D.both of they 3. He is a man of great knowledge, ___much can be learned. A.in whom B.about whom C.from whom D.of whom 4. I can tell you ___he told me last week. A.all which B.all what C.that all D.all that

http://www.wenku1.com/list/初中定语从句练习题5. Is oxygen the only gas ___helps fire burn? A.that B./ C.which D.what 6. Air, ___we breathe every day, is around us all the time. A.that B./ C.which D.it 7. This is the museum ____we saw an exhibition the other day. A.that B.which C.where D.in that 8. This museum is ___you visited the other day. A.that B.which C.where D.the one 9. This is the museum ___you saw the other day. A.that B.where C.in which D.in that 10. It is the third time ___late this month. A.that you arrived B.when you arrived C.that you’ve arrived D.when you’ve arrived

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本文档来源于第一文库网：http://www.wenku1.com/view/C43C98B261381C08.html 11. It was in 1969___the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon. A.that B.which C.in which D.when 12..We often think of the days ___we spent together on the island. A.when B.which C.in which D.during which 13. Have you ever been to Shanghai, ____I left ten years ago? A.where B.which C.that D.when 14. He has left Beijing, ___a meeting is to be held. A.when B.where C.as D.which 15. This is the very place ___I’m wishing to live in. A.where B.which C.that D.in which 16.I have bought the same dress ____she is wearing. A.as B.that C.which Dthan 17.Can you solve such problems ___raised by the audience? A.what were B.as were C.that were D.which were 18.The reason ___he didn’t come was ____he was injured. A.that,because B.why,that C.why, because D.that, that 19.He must be from Africa, ____can be seen from his skin. A.that B.as C.it D.what 20.His father died last year, ____made it impossible for him to go abroad. A.when B.which C.as D.that 21.___is natural,he married Mary. A.It B.What C.Which D.As 22.The buses, ____were already full,were surrounded by an angry crowd. A.most of them B.most of which C.which most D.that most 23.All___is needed is a supply of oil. A.the thing B.that C.what D.which 用心打造免费、绿色、专业、海量的教育文库网站 www.wenku1.com

本文档来源于第一文库网：http://www.wenku1.com/view/C43C98B261381C08.html 24.He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows,most of ___had not been cleaned for years. A.these B.those C.that D.which 25.In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person ______she could turn for help. A.that B.who C. from whom D.to whom 26. This is one of the means ____the electic energy is conducted from one place to another. A.by which B.by that C.through which D.through that 27. The place ___you are going to visit is the ruin of a place. A.in which B.at which C.where D.which 28. The factory ___I am going to is the place ___my mother used to work many years ago. A.where,where B.where, which C.which,where D.that,which 29. Don’t do such things ___you are not sure about. A.that B.which C.as D.what 30. Rober is good at language, ____we all know. A.because B.for C.as D.since 31. China has hundreds of islands, ____we all know. A.in which B.at which C.of which D.which 32. She wrote a letter to her father, ___she made her secret known. A.which B.that C.in which D.where 33. She showed me the dictionary ___she paid a lot of money. A.by which B.to which C.for which D.on which 34. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ___family was poor. A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose

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本文档来源于第一文库网：http://www.wenku1.com/view/C43C98B261381C08.html 35.The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _____ stands the famous tower. A. that B. where C. which D. there 36.It is such a good place _____everybody wants to visit _____it is well-known all over the world. A. which; that B. as ; as C. as ;that D. that; as 37.There are three bedrooms in the house,_____ is Mary's. A the smallest of which B the smaller of which C the smallest of them D the smallest one 38.There is a moutain ____ the top is always covered with snow. A whose B of which C it's D that 39. Who is the man ____was there ? A. who B. which C. that D. whom 40.Mr Li has three daughters, none of________ is an engineer. Mr Li has three daughters, but none of__________ is a dancer. Mr Li has three daughters; __________ is a dancer. 41.He left the key _____ he had been an hour ago. 42.He left the place ______ he lived for many years. 【专项训练】

1．Football is a very interesting game , _____ is played all over the world． A．that B．which C．it D．who 2．Is there anything else _____you require? A．which B．that C．who D．what 3．The last place_____ we visited was the Great Wall． A．which B．that C．where D．it 4．He talked happily about the men and books_____ interested him greatly in the school． A．which B．who C．it D．that 用心打造免费、绿色、专业、海量的教育文库网站 www.wenku1.com

本文档来源于第一文库网：http://www.wenku1.com/view/C43C98B261381C08.html 5．The railway tunnel, though the train goes, _____ will be completed soon． A．which B．that C．it D．whom 6．His uncle works in a factory_____ bicycles are made． A．that B．which C．where D．there 7．There is no dictionary _____you can find everything． A．that B．which C．where D．in that 8．Next month, _____you’ll spend in your hometown is coming． A．which B．that C．when D．where 9．Next month, _____you’ll be in your hometown is coming． A．which B．that C．when D．where 10．I often thought of my childhood , _____ I lived on a farm． A．which B．where C．when D．who 11．He wanted to know the time _____he needed to know ． A．that B．when C．where D．what 12．There isn’t so much noise in the country_____ in big cities． A．that B．which C．where D．as 13．They could only read such stories _____ had been rewritten in simple English ． A．that B．which C．as D．what 14．The stems of bamboo are hollow _____ makes them very light． A．which B．as C．that D．it 15．Crusoe’s dog became ill and died , _____ made him very lonely ． A．as B．which C．that D．this 16．They’ve invited me to their party , _____ is kind of them． A．as B．which C．That D．this 用心打造免费、绿色、专业、海量的教育文库网站 www.wenku1.com

本文档来源于第一文库网：http://www.wenku1.com/view/C43C98B261381C08.html 17．_____we know now ,bats come out only at night ． A．As B．Which C ．That D．What 18．John got beaten in the game , _____had been expected ． A．as B．that C．what D．who 19．_____has been said above ,grammar is a set of dead rules． A．Which B．What C．That D．As 20．Do you know the reason _____he was late? A．that B．which C．for what D．for which 21．He built a telescope_____ he could study the skies． A．in which B．with that C．through which D．by it

http://www.wenku1.com/list/状语从句练习题及答案22．I have bought two ballpens , _____writes well ． A．none of which B．neither of which C．none of them D．neither of them 23．There are two thousand students in our school , _____are girls ． A．of whom two thirds B．two -thirds of them C．two -third in them D．two -thirds in which 24．Do you know the man_____ ? A．whom I spoke B．to who I spoke C．I spoke to D．that I spoke 25．The factory_____ we’ll visit next week isn’t far from here ． A．where B．in which C．which D．to which 26．This is one of the best films_____ this year． A．have been shown B．that have shown C．that have been shown D．which has been shown 27．Can you lend me the book_____ the other day ? A．you talked about B．about that you talked C．that you talked D．which you talked 用心打造免费、绿色、专业、海量的教育文库网站 www.wenku1.com

本文档来源于第一文库网：http://www.wenku1.com/view/C43C98B261381C08.html 28．Is there any one in you class _____family is in the city ． A．who B．who’s C．which D．whose 29．I’ll never forget the days _____we stayed together． A．when B．in which C．which D．what 30．Is_____ some German friends visited last week ? A．this school B．this the school C．this school one D．this school where 31．I’ll tell you_____ he told me last month ． A．all which B．all what C．that all D．all 32．Do you know the reason_____ she got so angry yesterday? A．for why B．for that C．which D．why 33．I still remember the day_____ she first wore that pink dress． A．which B．in which„„ C．on that D．on which 34．I’ll show you a store _____you may buy all_____ you need ． A．in which , / B．where , which C．which , that D．that , that 35．Winter is the time of year_____ the days are short and nights are long． A．where B．when C．that D．on which 36．The train_____ she was travelling was late． A．which B．on which C．for which D．on that 37．The second World War_____ millions of people were killed ended in 1945． A．during which B．in that C．where D．on which 38．Is oxygen the only gas_____ helps fire burn ? A．that B．/ C．which D．it 39．This is the best hotel in the city _____I know ． A．which B．that C．where D．it 用心打造免费、绿色、专业、海量的教育文库网站 www.wenku1.com

本文档来源于第一文库网：http://www.wenku1.com/view/C43C98B261381C08.html 40．I’ve read all the books _____were borrowed from the library ． A．that B．/ C．which D．they 41．The scientist and his achievements _____you told me about are admired by us all． A．which B．who C．that D．

http://www.wenku1.com/list/高一定语从句讲解42．She hasn’t got enough money_____ to buy the rings ． A．which B．that C．with which D．for which 43．Finally came the day_____ he had to begin his study for the next term． A．which B．since C．that D．till 44．We hope to get such a tool_____ he is using ． A．which B．as C．that D．where 45．Is there anything_____ to you ． A．that is belonged B．that belongs C．which belongs D．that belong 46．You can take any seat_____ is free ． A．which B．where C．that D．in which 47．The old woman has two sons ,one_____ is a teacher． A．of them B．of which C．of whom D．of who 48．My hometown is no longer the same_____ it used to be ． A．which B．as C．that D．like 49．You may take anything useful_____ ． A．you want B．what you want C．you want them D．which you want 50．He tore up my photo, _____ upset me ． A．that B．it C．which D．what

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