Learning about Languageppt课件课堂实录

Book2 Unit3

Computers Grammar Teaching aims: 知识与技能：

1.

让学生弄清楚现在完成时被动语态的结构以及用法：

2.

掌握现在完成时被动语态的应用；

过程与方法：

1.

培养学生自主学习、协作学习和探究的能力；

2.

培养学生分析问题、解决问题、归纳问题的能力；

3.

提高思维能力和运用语言的综合能力；

情感态度与价值观：

培养学生热爱学校，积极参加活动的情感。

Teaching important and difficult points：

现在完成时被动语态的基本构成与实际应用。

Teaching process：

StepⅠ

Revision 1.

现在完成时

1).表示发生在过去的动作对现在产生的影响或结果。

I have read the novel Gone With the Wind. (已经知道此书的内容) She has left. (她现在不在这里) 2). 表示从过去某时开始，一直延续至今的动作或状态，只能用于某些带有延续意义的动词，常与for, since等引导的时间状语连用。

We have studied English for seven years. We have studied in Weinan High School since September. We have been good friends since we were very young. 3). 可与表示非具体时间的时间状语连用，如already, just,never, yet，not …yet, just, ever since,ever,for a long time也可与表示从过去到现在包括现在在内的一段时间的状语，如today, this morning,recently，in the past few years, up to now, in the last few months, since then, by now, so far等。

I haven’t seen her recently.

Have you finished your homework yet？

He has never spoken to a foreigner. 4). It is the first / second…time + that从句中, that从句用现在完成时。

It’s the first time that I’ve been here.

It will be the first time that I’ve spoken in public.

5). 现在完成时态可用于条件或时间状语从句中,表示将来某个时刻之前已经完成的动作。

If you have finished reading the book before I leave, please lend it to me. I’ll go there as soon as I have finished my homework.

注意：

have / has been to 表示到过某地（已经回了）

have / has gone to 表示去了某地（现在不在这里）

练习：

a. She has a younger brother, _____________?

b.He has read lots of foreign novels,___________？

c. He has never been to America, ___________?

a.— I have a younger brother.

—So ____I . /

_____he.

b.—I have made lots of friends in Weinan High School.

—So _____ I . /

____he.

a.—I don’t have an elder brother. —Nor ___ I . / _____he.

b.—I haven’t been to America. —Nor ____ I . / ____he.

2.

过去完成时

1).表示过去的过去，即表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前已经完成的动作。这一过去时间可用by, before,after, when, until等引导的从句或上下文语境来表示。

She had learned English before she came to England. When we got there, the football match had already started. 2). 表示由过去某一时间开始，延续到过去另一时间的动作。这个动作可能还要延续下去，常用for 或since表示的过去时间段作状语。

I had worked in a car factory for two years before I came here. 3). 若过去的两个动作发生的先后顺序由上下文能判断出来,则先发生的动作用过去完成时。

She was tired because she has worked a whole day. I didn’t know who had told her the news.

4). mean, hope, intend, want, think, expect, supposed,promise等的过去完成时可用来表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算，“本来打算做某事而没有做”。

I had meant to come, but something happened. I had intended to speak, but time did not permit. I had hoped to see her again. 5).在hardly…when, no sooner…than…, scarcely…when句中主句用过去完成时，且常进行倒装，意为“一……就……”

Hardly when I come back when the phone rang. 6). It was the first /second / third …time+ that从句中, that从句用过去完成时。

It was the first time that we had spoken together. This was the first time that they had met.

StepⅡ Presentation

现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成对现在仍有影响, 常与for , since, already,just,never,yet，not…yet, just, ever since,ever,for a longtime,也可与表示从过去现在包括现在在内的一段时间的状语，如today, this morning,recently/lately, in the past few years, in the last few months,since then, up to now, by now, so far等连用。

They have cleaned the classroom. The classroom has been cleaned by them.

1.

Summary:主语+have/has been done... 1).现在完成时被动语态肯定句:主语+have/ have been +done+…

Her motorbike has been stolen. The problems have already been solved. The dirty clothes have been washed. The telephone in our dormitory has been repaired. 2). 现在完成时被动语态否定句:主语+have/ has

not been + done +…

The task has not been finished yet. The desks have not been cleaned. The house hasn't been cleaned for a long time. They haven’t been told the exciting news yet, have they？

3). 现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句:Have / Has + 主语+ been+ done + ...? Has a new computer been bought? Have they been sent abroad to study English? 4). 现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句: 疑问词+have / has+主语+been+ done+...? What has been bought by Tom? Who have been helped by the new computer? How many buildings have been built in this school? Where has the car been repaired? 2.现在完成时的被动语态基本用法：

1).表示发生在过去的动作对现在产生的影响或结果, 这个动作是被动的。

This novel has been translated into several languages.

Jane has been told the news, so you needn't cal her. 2.).表示发生在过去，一直延续到现并有可能持续下去的被动动作或状态。常与for 或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于“How long...”句型中。

The plan has been discussed for nearly two hours. —The window is so dirty. —I know. It hasn't been cleaned for weeks. 3).用在时间或条件状语从句中, 表示将来某时已完成的动作，即现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。

You can go home as soon as your homework has been finished. You shouldn’t leave school before your homework has been finished.

注意：

1).与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。

The library was built last

year.这座图书馆是去年建成的。

The library has been built.这座图书馆已经建好了。

Now he’s a worker, and he once served in the army for 5 years. 他现在是个工人

，他曾经在部队服过5年役。（现在已离开部队）

He has served in the army for 5 years.他当兵5年了。（现在还在部队）

2).副词的位置

often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have/has和been中间。

Such a man has hardly been believed. 3).并不是所有动词都有被动语态

a.happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。

Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. b. open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：

The door has opened of itself. c.短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。

The SARS patients have been taken good care of. The homework has been handed in. d.一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等

构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达

相应的意思, 则需改换动词或时态。

My brother has had this bike for almost four years. How long

has he been in the army? 但这类动词的否定形式可表示动作的持续过程，具有持续性，因而可以与for 或since构成的时间状语连用。

This book has not been borrowed since last week. StepⅢ

Practice

1.

I got caught in the rain and my suit _______.

A. has ruined

B. had ruined

C. has been ruined

D. had been ruined 2. Professor James will give us a

lecture on the Western culture, but when and where ___ yet. A. hasn’t been decided

B. haven’t decided

C. isn’t being decided

D. aren’t decided

3. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what _____ in science and technology.

A. had discovered

B. had been discovered

C. has discovered

D. has been discovered 4. Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _____ English for a year.

A. studies

B. studied

C. is studying

D. has been studying 5. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ____ in the past years.

A. discovered

B. have discovered

C. had been discovered D. have been discovered 6. When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what _____.

A. have marked

B. have been marked

C. had marked

D. had been marked StepⅣ Homework Finish the exercise book.