Learning about Language全国优秀课堂实录

Grammar——现在完成时的被动语态

[思维导图]

一、现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式

肯定式

否定式

一般疑问式

特殊疑问式

主语＋have/has been done... 主语＋have/has not been done... Have/Has＋主语＋been done...？

疑问词＋have/has＋主语＋been done...？

He has been admitted to the club. 他已被接纳为俱乐部成员了。

Tom's novel has not been published. 汤姆的小说还没有被出版。

Has his bike been repaired?

他的自行车修好了吗？

Who has been invited?

谁受到了邀请？

二、现在完成时的被动语态的用法

1．表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，通常与already，yet，never，recently等副词及时间状语so far，by now，up till now，since等连用。

The room has already been cleaned. 这个房间已经被打扫干净了。(现在已经不用打扫房间了) 2．表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，并可能继续持续下去，常与for或since等引出的时间状语(从句)连用，或用于how long引出的句

子中。

The machine has been repaired for two hours. 这台机器已经被修两个小时了。(可能还会继续被修) 3．用在条件状语从句中，表示将来某时已经完成的动作。

You shouldn't leave school before your homework has been finished. 在完成作业之前你不应该离开学校。

三、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意6点问题

1．与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。

The park was opened to the public last year. 去年这家公园向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去) The park has been opened to the public. 这家公园已向公众开放。(说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在公园已经开放了) 2．非延续性动词，如borrow，finish，begin，start，buy，marry，open，join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思，则要改换动词或时态。

The work was finished two weeks ago. 这项工作在两周前已经完成。

The work has been finished. 这项工作已经完成。

3．短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词或副词不可省略。

It is said that the problem has been looked into. 据说已经调查这个问题了。

4．只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时，将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

We have built many houses in the past ten years.

→Many houses have been built in the past ten years. 5．带有双宾语的动词，如give，send，bring，take，teach，show，tell，make，sing，write，read，sell，buy，pay，lend，pass，promise等，变为被动语态时，可将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个保留不动。

We have given him the book. →He has been given the book. →The book has been given to him. 6．带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略to的不定式作宾补的，被动语态中要用带to的不定式。

I have told them to help you. →They have been told to help you.

Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空

1．When you get the paper back，pay special attention to what has__been__marked (mark)．

2．Great changes have__taken (take) place in my hometown since 2000. 3．When I reached the station，the tickets

had__been__sold (sell) out. 4．In some parts of the world，such as in England，tea is__served (serve) with milk and sugar. 5．As for the English Speaking Competition，when and where it will be held

hasn't__been__decided (not decide) yet. 6．Every possible means

has__been__tried (try) to stop the bad behaviour，but they don't work at all. 7．Over the past ten years，this town has__been__hit (hit) twice by earthquakes. 8．—Will the lecture be held at 4 o'clock this afternoon? —No.It

has__been__put (put) off till tomorrow afternoon. Ⅱ.补全句子

1．The__boys__have__been__told__many__times(男孩们已经被多次告知)not to

swim in that lake，but it doesn't make any difference. 2．We are glad to be told that Li Tao has__been__admitted__to__Fudan University(已经被复旦大学录取)for his top scores in the Maths Contest. 3．With the help of high technology，more and more new substances have__been__discovered(已被发现)in the past years. 4．When and where to go for the on－salary holiday has__not__been__decided(还没有确定)yet. 5．Though we don't know what was discussed，yet we can feel the topic has__been__changed(已经被改变了)．

Ⅲ.把下列句子由主动语态变为被动语态

1．This company has produced new types of computers. →New__types__of__computers__have__been__produced. 2．Mum has not given me some money when I came back to school. →I__have__not__been__given__some__money when I came back to school. →Some__money__has__not__been__given__to__me when I came back to school. 3．Has the little girl asked you to help her with her English? →Have__you__been__asked__to__help__the__little__girl__with__her__English? 4．His father has made him work hard. →He__has__been__made__to__work__hard__by__his__father. 5．We have made use of all of our time. →All__of__our__time__has__been__made__use__of.